Forensics U2: Hair, Fiber, Fingerprints

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25 Terms

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2 Main parts of hair

shaft and follicle

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Hair evidence classification

Circumstantial, Biological, Class (if no follicle), Individual (if follicle is present)

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What contains DNA in hair

follicle

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Macroscopic characteristics of hair

Color, Texture, Length

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Microscopic layers of hair

Cuticle, Cortex, Medulla

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Hair: provides protection

Cuticle

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Hair: provides strength, color, texture

Cortex

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Hair: unknown function (absent, continuous, fragmented, interrupted)

Medulla

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Regions of human body hair can be found

body, head, pubic, underarm, eyebrow, lash, beard, mushtache

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How can hair be analyzed

DNA testing, Chemical testing, Microscopy

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Protein that gives hair strength

Keratin

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2 main types of fibers

Natural and Synthetic

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Natural fibers

  • Plants

    • cotton

    • linen

  • Sheep

    • Wool

  • Caterpillar

    • Silk

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Synthetic fibers

  • polyester

  • rayon

  • nylon

  • spandex

  • acrylic

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Fiber evidence classification

Circumstantial, Biological (if plant, animal, or mineral), Physical (if synthetic), Class (if common fiber), individual (if rare fiber)

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How can fibers be collected?

Tweezers, Vacuum, Adhesives

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How to analyze fiber evidence

Microscope (nondestructive) and Burn test (destructive— only use if there is a lot of material)

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Fiber characteristics

color, texture, thread count, shape, weave pattern, luster/shine

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burn test characteristics

melt/burn, ignite/sputter, hard ball/brittle ash, smell of chemical/hair

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Locard’s Exchange principle

states fibers can be transferred during criminal activity

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Situations in which lots of fiber evidence would be transferred during a crime scene

violent and fighting crime, or long duration of crime

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Fingerprint test reacts with amino acids in the oils of skin; prints turn golden

Iodine Fuming

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White Crystal Test

Superglue fuming

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Fingerprint test reacts with amino acids in oils of skin; print turns purple

Ninhydrin

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IAFIS

(Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System): program that provides digital, automated fingerprint searches for the FBI