Sheep Brain Quiz

Red Arrow

Dorsal

Green Arrow

Ventral

Yellow Arrow

Posterior AND Caudal

White Arrow

Anterior AND Rostral

Green Arrow

Lateral

Red Arrow

Medial

Coronal

Horizontal Plane

Sagittal Plane

Front Arrow + function

Frontal Lobe, higher cognitive function, executive functions, (Broca’s Area)

Second, Top arrow and function

Parietal Lobe, touch, proprioception, speech (making sense of words)

Second, bottom arrow and function

Temporal Lobe, speech (Wernicke's area), hearing, memory

Third top arrow and function

Occipital lobe, sight/vision

Back arrow and function

Cerebellum, motor learning and balance (oldest area evolutionarily)

Top one

Sulcus - valley/furrow of cortex

Bottom

Gyrus - ridges/raised/ hill portions of cortex

Fissure

Large groove that divides the brain into lobes

Longitudinal Fissure

groove that separates brain between left and right hemispheres

Optic Nerve

Optic Chiasm

Olfactory Bulbs

Hypothalamus

Pons

Medulla

Spinal Cord

Hypothalamus

Cerebral Peduncle

Mammillary Bodies

Infundibulum

Pineal Gland,

Superior Colliculus, visual processing

AND function

Inferior Colliculus, auditory and vestibular (inner ear balance and gravity) processing

Lateral (I and II)

III

Cerebral Aqueduct

IV (Purple is central canal )

Gray Matter vs White Matter

Gray is Cell bodies, White is axons

cerebellum

Arbor Vitae

Inferior Colliculus

Superior Colliculus

Pineal Body

Corpus Callosum

Olfactory Bulbs

Fornix

Optic Chiasm

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pons

Medula

Spinal Cord

A + Function

Cingulate Gyrus - Emotion and attention

B

Corpus Callosum

(Space behind ) C + function

Septum Pellucidum - Separates left and right lateral ventricle

D

Lateral Ventricle - Contains choroid plexus, which produces CSF

E + function

Fornix, Major Axon projections from the hippocampus, connects halves of the hippocampus

F + Function

Thalamus, relay station for sensory input EXCEPT OLFACTION

G + function

Optic Chiasm, Point at which visual info crosses over to the contralateral side before entering occipital lobe

H + function

Hypothalamus, maintenance of homeostasis (the 4 F’s - fighting, fleeing, feeding, and mating) - regulation of hormones - controls activity of pituitary and coordinates autonomic nervous system

I

Mammillary Body - memory (episodic)

J + function

Pineal Gland, makes melatonin and regulates sleep wake cycle

K + function

Cerebral Aqueduct, connects 3rd and fourth ventricles (right below superior and inferior colliculi

L + function

Pons, sleep, swelling, bladder control, balance

M + function

Arbor Vitae - major WHITE matter tract that carries sensory and motor info to and from cerebellum, branching design allows for white matter too onnect broadly with gray matter, maximizing communication

N

IV ventricle

O + function

Medulla, responsible for vital autonomic functions, like sneezing, coughing, heart rate, breathing

P

Spinal Cord

Ventricles

Allow spaces in brain that produce and circulate CSF

CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid, protection, feeds brain, removes waste and acts as a shock absorber

Differences between human and sheep brain

Sheep have larger olfactory bulbs (as sheep rely on sense of smell more), less wrinkly cerebral cortex’s (as humans have greater surface area for advanced cognitive functions), Smaller cerebellum proportionally (as humans have fine motor control), more elongated brain due to positioning, smaller corpus callous (less inter hemispheric integration), Larger optic chasm due to laterally positioned eyes

Purpose of crossing for vision

allows visual cortex in each hemisphere to receive information from both eyes about the same visual field —> depth perception

and function

Cerebral Peduncle, Highways connecting brain’s cortex to spinal cord and brain stem, carrying motor commands and helping coordinate movement

A

Corpus Callosum

B

Lateral ventricle

C + function

Caudate Nucleus (That + putamen = striatum), initiates voluntary movements and coordinates slow skeletal muscle contraction (posture + balance) as well as playing a role in learning, memory, and goal directed behavior

D + Function

Putamen (apart of striatum) - regulates movement and motor control, especially automatic or learned movements

E

Thalamus

F

3rd ventricle

G

Fornix

H + function

Amygdala, integrative center for emotions, behavior, and motivation - fear and anger especially

I

Body of Fornix

J + function

Hippocampus - Memory (specifically forming new memories and retrieving old ones) - damage results in Anterograde amnesia , emotion, autonomic nervous system.

A

Hippocampus

B

Pineal gland

C

Superior Colliculus

D

Lateral ventricle

E

Cerebral aqueduct

F

4th ventricle