[MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY] Dyes , Heavy metals ,Mercurials

a. Cationic dyes

_______ are active against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, but Gram-negative bacteria are generally resistant.

a. Cationic dyes

b. Nonionic dyes

c. Anionic dyes

a. True

Cationic dyes are active against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, but Gram-negative bacteria are generally resistant.

a. True

b. False

b. Dyes

Form colorless leucobase forms in alkaline conditions.

a. Halogens
b. Dyes
c. Aldehydes
d. Oxidizing agents

c. Cationic dyes

Positively charged (+).

a. Anionic dyes
b. Nonionic dyes
c. Cationic dyes
d. Amphoteric dyes

b. Gentian Violet

Also known as:

• Methyl Violet

• Crystal Violet

• p-rosanilline

a. Methylene blue
b. Gentian Violet
c. Eosin
d. Malachite green

b. Gentian Violet

Also known as Methyl Violet

a. Methylene blue

b. Gentian Violet

c. Eosin

d. Malachite green

b. Gentian Violet

Also known as Crystal Violet

a. Methylene blue

b. Gentian Violet

c. Eosin

d. Malachite green

b. Gentian Violet

Also known as p-rosanilline

a. Methylene blue
b. Gentian Violet
c. Eosin
d. Malachite green

c. Gentian Violet

Used for yeast infections (Candida) as vaginal suppositories (1-3%).

a. Methylene blue

b. Brilliant green

c. Gentian Violet

d. Phenol red

b. 1-3%

Gentian Violet is used for yeast infections (Candida) as vaginal suppositories at ______ % concentration.

a. 0.5-1%
b. 1-3%
c. 3-5%
d. 5-10%

b. Gentian Violet

Used for cutaneous candidiasis topically.

a. Crystal violet
b. Gentian Violet
c. Methyl violet
d. All of the above

b. Gentian Violet

Used as an anthelmintic for Strongyloides and Oxyuriasis (pinworm).

a. Methylene blue
b. Gentian Violet
c. Eosin
d. Malachite green

a. Strongyloides and Oxyuriasis (pinworm)

Gentian Violet is used as an anthelmintic for _____

a. Strongyloides and Oxyuriasis (pinworm)

b. Ascaris and Trichuris

c. Hookworm and Tapeworm

d. Enterobius and Necator

c. Basic Fuchsin

Mixture of chlorides of rosaniline and pararosaniline

a. Methylene blue
b. Gentian violet
c. Basic Fuchsin
d. Malachite green

c. Basic Fuchsin

Ingredient of Carbol Fuchsin (Castellani's Paint).

a. Methylene blue
b. Gentian violet
c. Basic Fuchsin
d. Malachite green

a. Castellani's Paint

Carbol Fuchsin is also known as _______

a. Castellani's Paint

b. Lugol's solution

c. Burow's solution

d. Dobell's solution

b. Basic Fuchsin

Used topically for the treatment of fungal infections (ringworm and athlete's foo)

a. Eosin

b. Basic Fuchsin

c. Crystal violet

d. Brilliant green

a. Thiazine dye

Methylene blue is a ______

a. Thiazine dye
b. Triphenylmethane dye
c. Azo dye
d. Anthraquinone dye

c. Methylene blue

Thiazine dye used as an antidote for cyanide (CN) poisoning.

a. Gentian violet

b. Basic fuchsin

c. Methylene blue

d. Malachite green

b. Methylene blue

Used as an antiseptic in the treatment of cystitis and urethritis.

a. Crystal violet
b. Methylene blue
c. Brilliant green
d. Eosin

b. Antiseptic

Methylene blue is used as an ______ in the treatment of cystitis and urethritis.

a. Antifungal
b. Antiseptic
c. Anthelmintic
d. Antiviral

b. Blue-green color of stool

Side effect of methylene blue.

a. Yellow discoloration of skin

b. Blue-green color of stool

c. Red-brown urine

d. Black tongue

b. Methylene blue

At high concentration, _________ promotes the conversion of Hemoglobin to methemoglobin

a. Crystal violet

b. Methylene blue

c. Brilliant green

d. Eosin

b. Hemoglobin to methemoglobin

At high concentration, methylene blue promotes the conversion of:

a. Methemoglobin to hemoglobin
b. Hemoglobin to methemoglobin
c. Oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin
d. Carboxyhemoglobin to hemoglobin

b. Methylene blue

At low concentration, ______ is used to treat drug-induced methemoglobinemia

a. Crystal violet

b. Methylene blue

c. Brilliant green

d. Eosin

b. Drug-induced methemoglobinemia

At low concentration, methylene blue is used to treat:

a. Cyanide poisoning

b. Drug-induced methemoglobinemia

c. Carboxyhemoglobinemia

d. Sulfhemoglobinemia

a. Heavy metal

Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) is a _____
a. Heavy metal
b. Light metal
c. Alkali metal
d. Alkaline earth metal

b. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃)

Used as 1% drops for ophthalmia neonatorum.

a. Mercuric chloride
b. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃)
c. Zinc sulfate
d. Copper sulfate

c. Erythromycin

The alternative to 1% silver nitrate drops for ophthalmia neonatorum is:

a. Penicillin

b. Tetracycline

c. Erythromycin

d. Ciprofloxacin

Flammazine®
a. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃)

b. Silver sulfadiazine (Ag Sulfadiazine)

c. Mafenide acetate

d. Silver proteinate

b. Silver sulfadiazine (Ag Sulfadiazine)

_______ is a burn ointment
a. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃)

b. Silver sulfadiazine (Ag Sulfadiazine)

c. Mafenide acetate

d. Silver proteinate

b. Mercury compounds / Mercurials

Reacts with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in enzymes and other proteins

a. Silver nitrate

b. Mercury compounds / Mercurials

c. Arsenic trioxide

d. Lead acetate

b. Mercury compounds / Mercurials

Reversible by thiol-containing compounds such as cysteine and dimercaprol (BAL).

a. Silver nitrate

b. Mercury compounds / Mercurials

c. Arsenic trioxide

d. Lead acetate

a. Cysteine and dimercaprol (BAL)

Mercury compounds / Mercurials are reversible by thiol-containing compounds such as _______.

a. Cysteine and dimercaprol (BAL)
b. Methionine and edetate
c. Glycine and penicillamine
d. Glutathione and deferoxamine

a. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂)

Calomel

a. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂)

b. Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)

b. Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)

Corrosive Sublimate

a. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂)

b. Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)

c. Ammoniated mercury

White precipitate used for skin infections.

a. Mercuric chloride
b. Mercurous chloride
c. Ammoniated mercury
d. Thimerosal

a. White precipitate

Ammoniated mercury is a ______

a. White precipitate

b. Yellow precipitate

c. Red precipitate

d. Maroon precipitate

b. Nitromersol

Was a very popular antiseptic for skin and ocular infections because it is non-irritating and non-staining.

a. Thimerosal
b. Nitromersol
c. Chlormerodrin
d. Merthiolate

c. Thimerosal

Preservative for vaccines, antitoxins, and immune sera

• MOA involves reaction with -SH groups of proteins.

a. Mercurous chloride
b. Ammoniated mercury
c. Thimerosal
d. Nitromersol

c. Thimerosal

MOA involves reaction with -SH groups of proteins.

a. Mercurous chloride
b. Ammoniated mercury
c. Thimerosal
d. Nitromersol

d. Chlormerodrin (Hg-197)

Used for scintillation scanning of kidney and brain for suspected tumors.

a. Thimerosal

b. Nitromersol

c. Mercuric chloride

d. Chlormerodrin (Hg-197)

a. Chlormerodrin

Hg-197.

a. Chlormerodrin
b. Thimerosal
c. Mercuric chloride
d. Ammoniated mercury

a. True

Disadvantages OUTWEIGH advantages for mercurial; other more effective and less potentially toxic agents are preferrable

a. True

b. False