Police States, 1933-39 - Nazi Germany

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13 Terms

1

What were the 3 ways the Nazis were able to create a police state?

  • policing

  • legal reconstruction

  • punishments

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2

What were the names of the 3 new policing forces created by the Nazis to control and maintain the police state?

  • SS (protection squad)

  • Gestapo (secret police)

  • SD (security service)

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3

Gestapo: Who set them up, when, did they wear uniforms, what was their main purpose?

  • Hermann Goering

  • 1933

  • no uniforms

  • spied on the general public and prosecuted anyone who said anything critical of the Nazi party - intercepted letters and phone calls

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4

SS: Who led them, when were they set up, did they wear uniforms, what was their main purpose?

  • Heinrich Himmler

  • 1925

  • black uniforms

  • group of 240 men who acted as Hitlers personal bodyguards -expanded to 240,000 men in the 1930s

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5

SD: Who set them up, when, did they wear uniforms, what was their main purpose?

  • Heinrich Himmler

  • 1931

  • brown uniforms

  • originally formed as a security force, collected information about anyone who was an opponent or critic of the Nazi party

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6

What were the 2 ways the Nazis legally reconstructed the state?

  • controlling law courts

  • controlling judges

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7

Hitler set up a ‘peoples court’. What was this?

  • abolished trial by jury

  • heard all cases of treason against the state

  • judges were hand picked and trials were held in secret

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8

How did Hitler control the judges in the police state?

created the National Socialist League for the maintenance of the law

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9

What 2 rules did the National Socialist League insist?

  1. all judges must be members - if any judges displeased the Nazis they were denied membership

  2. in any conflicts between the interests of the Nazi party and the law, the Nazi party took priority

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10

Why were concentration camps created?

to cope with the number of people who were arrested for doing things the Nazi party disproved of

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11

When and where was the first concentration camp opened?

1933, in Dachau, Germany

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12

Where were concentration camps located?

away from cities away from the public gaze, typically in isolated countryside

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13

What type of people were prosecuted and taken to concentration camps?

  • “undesirables” → prostitutes or homosexuals

  • minority groups → Jews, muslims

  • political prisoners → communists, political writers, intellectuals, etc.

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