Analytical Chemistry - First Year Introduction

These vocabulary flashcards cover the foundational definitions, types of analysis, applications, and classifications of matter as presented in the first-year Analytical Chemistry lecture.

Analytical chemistry

A measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all fields of science, engineering, and medicine to determine the quality and quantity of the analyte in a sample.

Qualitative analysis

Analysis that reveals the identity of the elements and compounds in a sample.

Quantitative analysis

Analysis that indicates the amount of each substance in a sample.

Analyte

The component of a sample that is determined.

Pharmacokinetics

The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion within the pharmaceutical industry.

Classical Methods

Wet chemical methods such as precipitation, extraction, distillation, boiling or melting points, gravimetric and volumetric measurements.

Instrumental Methods

Analytical measurements such as conductivity, electrode potential, and light absorption or emission that are made using instrumentation.

Analysis using physical properties

A type of analysis involving no chemical reactions and simple devices to measure properties like specific gravity, refractive index, conductivity, and light emission/absorption.

Chemical analysis

A type of analysis that involves chemical reactions or classical reaction stoichiometry but no electronic instrumentation.

Instrumental analysis

A type of analysis that always involves modern electronic instrumentation and can also involve chemical reactions.

Sampling

The first step in sample analysis which involves obtaining a representative sample.

Identification (Chemical Analysis Question)

The area of analysis that answers the question: "What is the identity of the substance in the sample?"

Separation (Chemical Analysis Question)

The process of removing species of interest from the sample matrix for better quantitation and identification.

Detection (Chemical Analysis Question)

The area of analysis that answers the question: "Does the sample contain $\text{substance X}$?"

Quantitation (Chemical Analysis Question)

The area of analysis that answers the question: "How much of $\text{substance X}$ is in the sample?"

Pure Substances

A sample of matter that has definite chemical and physical properties.

Elements

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substance by physical or chemical means.

Compounds

Pure substances composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds in a specific ratio that is always the same.