INTRO TO THE STUDY AND PRACTICE OF ORTHODONTICS

“ORTHOS”

to right; correct; straight

“DONS”

means tooth

Frenchman LeFoulon

“ORTHODONTIA” is a term introduced by ______ in 1839

ORTHODONTICS

is a branch of dentistry concerned with the study of growth of the craniofacial complex, the development of occlusion, and treatment of dentofacial abnormalities

PREVENTIVE ORTHODONTICS

• action taken to preserve the integrity of what appears to be normal occlusion at a specific time

• Any procedures that attempt to ward off untoward environmental attacks or anything that would change the normal course of events

INTERCEPTIVE ORTHODONTICS

• implies that an abnormal situation exists

• Employed to recognize and eliminate potential irregularities and malpositions in the developing dentofacial complex

DEWEL’S METHOD

• it consists of planned sequence of extractions:

  • primary canines (C)

  • 1st primary molars (D)

  • 1st premolars (4)

CORRECTIVE ORTHODONTICS

• recognized the existence of a malocclusion and the need for employing certain technical procedures to reduce or eliminate the problem

• Procedures are usually mechanical and of broader scope than techniques in interceptive

• Problems demand special training

HIPPOCRATES

• among the first to comment about craniofacial deformity

• “Among those individuals with long shaped heads, some have thick necks, strong parts and bones, others have strongly arched palates, their teeth are irregularly arrayed, crowding one another, and they are bothered by headaches and otorrhea”

ADAMANDIOS

“Those persons whose lips are pushed out because of cuspid displacement are ill tempered, abusive shouters and defamers”

PIERRE FAUCHARD

• Most famous of all dentists in France in 18th century

• Described an orthodontic appliance easily recognized by any modern dentists

• Generally given the credit for the first comprehensive discussion of “regulating teeth”

• In his “Treatise in Dentistry”, he discussed the “bandelette” now called the expansion arch

JOHN HUNTER

• wrote an article “Natural History of the Human Teeth”

  • explaining their structure, use, formation, growth & diseases”

• Detailed study of mouth & jaws of cadavers

AULIUS CORNELIUS CELSUS

• teeth can be moved by finger pressure

• “If a second tooth should happen to grow in children before the first has fallen out; that which ought to be shed is to be drawn out & the new one daily pushed towards its place by means of finger until it arrives at its proper position”

NORMAN KINGSLEY

• through his “obturator” he was able to restore normal speech for many cleft palate patients

• First book “A Treatise on Oral Deformities as a branch of Mechanical Surgery”

• Introduced the “headgear” to apply extra oral force and provide occipital anchorage

  • To correct protruding teeth

EDWARD HARTLEY ANGLE

• Father of Modern Orthodontics

• Established a school for the training of dentists as orthodontic specialists

• Angle School of Orthodontia

• Improvised clever appliances for the precise positioning of individual teeth

• Published “A System of Appliances for Correcting Irregularities of the Teeth”

• Angle’s Jack Srew

• Emphasized the importance of correct occlusion

• He is best known for devising the first simple classification system for malocclusions, based on the first molars as the key to occlusion

• He introduced the first precise and simple definition of the normal human occlusion of the natural dentition

• He describes three classes of malocclusion that were based on the occlusal relationships of the first molars

LINE OF OCCLUSION

• the line with which, in form & position according to type, the teeth must be in harmony if in normal occlusion

CLASS I

There is a normal relationship of the molars, but the line of occlusion is incorrect as a result of malposed teeth, rotations, or other causes

CLASS II

The lower molar is distally positioned relative to the upper molar, and the line of occlusion is not specified

CLASS III

The lower molar is medically positioned relative to the upper molar, and the line of occlusion is not specified

CALVIN CASE

• “The Techniques and Principles of Dental Orthopedia”

• One of the first to stress the importance of root movement

• One of the first to use small gauge light resilient wired for tooth alignment

• Pioneered the use of retainers to stabilize orthodontic results

• One of the first to use rubber elastics in treatment

MARTIN DEWEY

• attended one of the first classes of Angle School of Orthodontia

• Dewey School of Orthodontia

• Textbook “Practical Orthodontics”

• Known for this modification of Angle’s classification of malocclusion

• He divided Angle’s Class I into five types and Angle’s Class III into three types

MILO HELLMAN

• pioneered the use of wrist and hand radiograph to determine growth age and status of the patients

ORTHODONTICS (2)

In United States, the field is called _______

DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS (2)

In Europe, the field is called ______

DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS

• area of dentistry concerned with the supervision, guidance and correction of the growing and mature dentofacial structures including those conditions that require movement of the teeth or correction of malrelationship and malformation of related structures by the adjustment of relationships between and among teeth and facial bones by the application of forces and/or stimulation and redirection of the functional forces within the craniofacial complex

ORTHOGNATIC SURGERY OR SURGICAL ORTHODONTICS

• utilized in conjunction with orthodontics in the most extreme cases

• Includes surgical procedures carried out in conjunction or as an adjunct to orthodontic treatment

• Usually carried out to remove the etiologic factor or treat a dentofacial deformity that cannot be treated by orthodontic therapy alone.