BSC 1005 Exam 1 with correct answers | Exams Biology | Docsity

Product of Evolutionary Change

The existence of $Bacteria$ and $Archaea$ is an observation credited to evolutionary change.

Charles Darwin

The individual most closely associated with the theory of natural selection.

Composition of Genes

The molecules that make up the genes of organisms are $DNA$.

Reactants of Cellular Respiration

In the chemical reaction $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ENERGY}$, the reactants are $C_6H_{12}O_6$ and $6O_2$.

Scientific Hypothesis

A proposed explanation for a set of observations.

Hypothesis Example (Car Problem)

In the scenario where a car will not start, the statement 'My car's battery is dead' is an example of a hypothesis.

Isotopes

Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Covalent Bond

A bond between atoms that involves the sharing of electrons.

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions, such as $Carbon$.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solvent, such as sugar stirred into water.

Solvent

The dissolving agent in a solution, such as the water in which sugar is dissolved.

Solution

A liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, such as sweetened water.

Major Elements of Life

Oxygen ($O$), Carbon ($C$), Hydrogen ($H$), and Nitrogen ($N$) make up the bulk of living matter.

Non-Major Element in Living Matter

$Iron$ ($Fe$) is not one of the four most common elements in living things.

pH Level and Acidity

The lower the pH value of a solution, the more acidic the solution is.

Lysosome

The organelle responsible for the digestion of organic matter inside the cell.

Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics

Usually about $10$ times smaller than other cells, contains DNA in a nucleoid, and has a cell wall.

Nucleolus

The organelle that manufactures the components of ribosomes.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

An organelle involved in lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification.

Primary Structure

The linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Complementary DNA Sequence

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence $AGGCCT$, the other strand will be $TCCGGA$.

Protein Function dependency

A protein's specific function is dependent on its three-dimensional shape.

Energy Conversion in Respiration

Cellular respiration involves the conversion of energy stored in food molecules into energy stored in $ATP$.

Energy for Cellular Work

The compound that directly provides energy for cellular work is $ATP$.

Conservation of Energy

The principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed.