Western Art History

Portrait of Severus and his family

200 CE
Special because of its survival, showcase of age, and defacing for political reasons

shows shifting imperial ideology in the late empire

Bust of Caracalla

211-217 CE
Departs from classical busts by showing a new male hairstyle and intense emotions

Chariot Procession of Severus

203 CE
Shows a new non naturalistic aesthetic-much stiffer with frontal and floating figures

Baths of Caracalla

212-218 CE

Frigidarium

298-306 CE

Bust of Trajan Decius

249-251 CE
Shows high degree of vulnerability, calls into question if the emperor signed off on this

Statue of Philip the Arabian

251-253 CE

Shows a nervous looking face with a wrestler’s body, departs from the classical greek style of a lean athletes body with a keen mind

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

250-260 CE

At this time burials suprassed cremation in popularity

The piles of bodies reject the classical style with its lack of a background and high emotional quality

Temple of Venus

3rd century CE

Breaks all the traditional Classical rules for temples

Basillica Nova

306-312 CE

Arch of Constantine

312-315 CE

Signals the rise of Christian imperial ideology

Used spoils from other monuments

Constantine distributing largesse

312-315 CE
Shows the stillness and stiffness of form that becomes the canon for medieval art

Bust of Constantine

315-330 CE

Shows abstraction and rejection of naturalism to convey spiritual and political ideologies

Coin of Constantine

307 CE
Blends pagan and christian iconography together, marks the transition from the ancient roman empire to the medieval christian empire

Sarcophagus with philospher, orant

270 CE

Shows how Jesus was first portrayed as a humble shepherd

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus

359 CE

Christian imagery modeled on roman imperial art

adam and eve are ashamed of their nudity, rejection of the classical ideals

Pulpit of the Baptistery, Pisa

1259-1260 CE

blends classical and medieval styles

Virgin and child enthroned

1308-1311 CE

Nativity and announcement to the shepherds

1298-1301 CE

reclining virgin recalls roman and Etruscan sarcophaguses

figures show classical influence

Bonaventura Berlinghieri

1235 CE

strong Byzantine influence

Madonna Enthroned with Angels

1280-1290

transitional work between byzantine and early italian naturalism

spatial layering

Christ Flanked by Angels

1290

figures are fully modeled with light and dark

breaks from maniera greca flatness

key precursor to giotto

Madonna Enthroned

1310

keeps gold background but high levels of shading

shows weight and gravity

rejects byzantine spiritual immateriality and maniera greca

Arena Chapel Frescoes

1305-1306

breaks from maniera greca

emphasis on naturalism and the visible world

foundation for renissance realism

has the lamentation

Maesta

Duccio di Buoninsegna

1308-1311

combines spiritual elegance with human presence

Orvieto Cathedral

1310

embraces french gothic

Annunciation

Simone Martini and Lippo Memmi

1333

International Gothic style

Punchwork halos- Sienese painting

contrast with florentine naturalism

Birth of the Virgin

1342

illusion of spatial recession

has a background

reclining virgin like a roman sarcophagus

Palazzo Pubblico

1297-1310

major civic fresco cycle

civic propoganda-symbol of the city states power

Ambrogio Lorenzetti Peaceful City and Peaceful Country

1338-1339

allegory of good government

shows harmony between city and countryside

one of the first true cityscapes and landscapes in medieval art

Santa Maria del Fiore

1296-campanile by giotto in 1334

geometric forms with no reaching for the sky

Riders discover three corpses

Traini or buffalmacco

1330

naturalism

Doge’s Palace

1340-1345

Chartes Cathedral

1145-1155

first high gothic cathedral

Leon Cathedral

1190

Notre Dame

1163

Blanche of Castille

1226-1234

Castle of Love

1330-1350

aristocratic leasiure culture

Salsibury Cathedral

1220-1265

french english fusion

Rottgen Pieta

1300-1325

Dura Synagogue

245-256

oldest christian iconography program

Ark of the Covenant and two menorahs

3rd century

catacomb

Via Latina Catacomb

320-360

Christian burial place that blends jewish and greco roman myths

The Good Shephard, Catacombs of Saint Peter and Marcellinus

4th century

sarcophagus with philosopher, orant

270

christians wanted burials instead of cremation

early christian art depicted jesus as a humble shepherd

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus

359

christian

Christ as the Good Shepherd

300-350

made by recent convert to christianity, marble statues seen as pagan

old saint peters church

319

early churches modeled after secular spaces like the forum of trajan instead of temples

santa Costanza

337-351

central plan

would be used for byzantine churches

Great Dish

4th century

blends christian imagrey and roman gods

Old Farmer of Corycus

400

oldest latin manuscript

Suicide of Judas and Crucifiction of Christ

5th century

one of the first known representations of crucifiction

Woman Sacrificing at an alter

400

shows how even when banned artists and families carried on classical ideals

Santa Sabina

422-432

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia

425

San Vitale

500

one of the greatest achievements of byzantine art

Archangel Micheal

6th century

angel is detatched from architecture

Justinian as a world conqueror

6th century

classical motiffs live on in byzantine empire

Hagia Sophia

530

Saint Apollinarus with sheep

500

artist rejects classical background

Virgin and child

6th or 7th century

survived iconoclasm

Christ Blessing 6th century

naturalism

has charecteristics of zeus

San Marco

1063

Virgin of Compassion-Vladmir Virgin

11th-12th century

Dome of the Rock

600

Great Mosque of Damascus

700

influenced by roman and early christian architecture

Great mosque of samarra

848

marker of islam

Great Mosque of cordoba

8th-1oth century

uses spoils from roman buildings

Friday Mosque 11th -17th century

Koran page with begining of surah

9th or 10th century

Alhambra palace of lions

1354

Mosque of Selim II

1568

Imam Mosque

1163-1638

Ardabil Carpet

1540

Court of Gayumars

1525

Baptistere de Saint Louis

1300

Merovingian looped fibulae

6th century

Lindsfarne Gospel

698-721

Lindau Gospel

870

Gero Crucifix

970

shows agony and pain

Gospel book of Otto iii

1000

Lectinoary of Henry 11

1002

fuses elements of byzantine baackground, late antique landscape, and ottonian anecdotal narrative tradition

reliquary of sainte foy

10th-11th century

Bayuex Tapestry

1070

Gospels of Henry the Lion

1188