Music Theory Chapter 5 - Cadences and Nonharmonic Tones

What is a phrase?

A substantial musical thought that ends with a cadence.

Rhythmic Cadence

When there is a signal ending the phrase. A breath mark or a rest

How many harmonic cadences are there?

5

Traits of a Perfect Authentic Cadence

V/VII-I, Last two chords in root position, and tonic in the highest voice

Traits of an Imperfect Authentic Chord

vii*-I, has inversions, not in the highest voice

Traits of a Half cadence

Any chord going to V

Traits of a Plagal chord

IV/iv-I/i

Traits of a Deceptive chord

V-vi

What is a nonharmonic tone?

Names based on intervals between the preceding tone, nonharmonic tone, and following tone

What are the nonharmonic tones that can be BOTH accented and unaccented

Passing tone and neighboring tone

Unaccented nonharmonic tones

Escape tone and anticipation

Accented nonharmonic tones

Appoggiatura, suspension, and retardation

Nonharmonic tones including multiple pitches

successive passing tones, changing tones, and pedal tones

Successive passing tone

multiple passing tones in a row

Changing tones (CT)

original, step, skip (down), step (to original)

Pedal tone (PED)

When it’s the same note but, doesn’t fit one of the chords.

Retardation (RE)

Like a suspension, but goes up. Same note, followed by step up.

Suspension figured bass

9-8,7-6,4-3,2-3

Suspension (SUS)

Same note, followed by step down

Appoggiatura (APP)

Skip, step in the opposite direction

Anticipation (ANT)

Played slightly before the chord it belongs to arrives

Escape tone (ET)

Step, skip in the opposite direction

Neighboring tone (NT)

Step, step in the opposite direction

Passing tone (PT)

Step, step in the opposite direction

Accented

Nonharmonic tone occurs on the same beat with the chord

Unaccented

Occurs before or after the chord