Bio Map Concepts

What is required to be considered alive?

8 things (that can be listed in any order)

What are those 8 things

1. response to external stimuli

2. order

3. energy processing

4. homeostasis

5. reproduction

6. growth and development

7. adaptation

8. evolution

Cell Theory

The smallest thing that satisfies all 8 properties of life

What is the basic cell theory?

Basic:

1. cell is the basic unit of life

2. all cells come from other cells

3. all organisms are made from one or more cells

Advanced:

1. Mothers pass genetic material to daughter cells during division

2. All cells have essentially the same chemical composition

3. Metabolism occurs within the cell

Hierarchy/ Order of life (order)

14 things

HAS TO BE IN A CERTAIN ORDER

What are those 14 things

1. subatomic particles ( protons, neutrons, and electrons)

2. Atoms

3. Molecules

4. Macromolecules

5. Organelles

6. Cells

7. Tissues

8. Organs

9. Organ Systems

10. Organisms

11. Population

12. Community

13. Ecosystem

14. Biosphere

Octet Rule

Atoms want a full valence shell

2 ways to do this: Covalent or Ionic bonding

Covalent Bond

Sharing of electrons

Can be polar or non-polar

polar: uneven sharing of electrons, formed when atoms have different electronegativities

non-polar: even sharing of electrons, formed when atoms have identical or very similar electronegativities

Finding protons, neutrons, and electrons

Protons: Atomic #

Neutrons: in a neutral atom (most on periodic table) protons and neutrons are the same

Electrons: Atomic mass (rounded) - Atomic #

Electrons

If you change the number of electrons in an atom, you get a ion of that atom

-if you add an electron to that ion, it becomes negative, and you get an anion

-if you remove an electron, it becomes positive, and you get a cation

Electron Shell Rules

1st shell holds 2 electrons

2nd and 3rd holds 8 electrons

Water

It is the basis of all life

It is polar, allowing the formation of hydrogen bonds: H’s attracted to (-) O, F, N

Water’s 7 properties

1. 3 states- solid, liquid, gas

2. has a high heat capacity

3. high heat vaporization

4. acidic or basic

5. good solvent

6. cohesion/ adhesion

7. good buffer- stabilizes ph

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular

Intermolecular: Between, hydrogen bonds (zig zag line on drawing)

Intramolecular: Within, ionic & covalent bonds (straight line on drawing)