Notes on Matter, Substances, Mixtures, and Formulas (Transcript-Based)

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13 Terms

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Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
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Substance
A pure form of matter with a definite composition; includes elements and compounds.
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Element
A substance consisting of a single type of atom.
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Compound
A pure substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed proportion; the arrangement and bonding matter.
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Mixture
A combination of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means.
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Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture with uniform composition throughout the sample (e.g., saltwater).
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Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture with non-uniform composition, where different components can be distinguished (e.g., salad).
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Empirical Formula
The simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound.
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Molecular Formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
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Subscript
The small numbers in a chemical formula that indicate how many atoms of each element are present (must be whole numbers).
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Water Formula
ext{H}\_2 ext{O} with a Hydrogen:Oxygen ratio of 2:1.
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Carbon Monoxide Formula
ext{CO} with a Carbon:Oxygen ratio of 1:1.
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Carbon Dioxide Formula
ext{CO}\_2 with a Carbon:Oxygen ratio of 1:2.