1.1-Introduction-to-Reinforced-Concrete-Design-Part-1_2025

Admixture

Materials added to concrete during or before mixing to improve performance or reduce costs.

Compressive Strength (f'c)

The maximum stress a material can withstand under crushing load, determined by testing concrete cylinders.

Reinforced Concrete

Concrete combined with steel reinforcement to provide tensile strength.

Young's Modulus

The ratio of axial stress to axial strain for a material subjected to uniaxial load.

Tensile Strength

The maximum amount of tensile stress that a material can withstand before failure.

Workability

The ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, and finished.

Static Modulus of Elasticity

The ratio of the stress to strain under a uniaxial load for a specific material.

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity

The ratio of stress to strain for a material under vibratory conditions.

Creep

The gradual deformation of concrete over time under sustained load.

Shrinkage

The reduction in volume of concrete due to loss of moisture and changes in temperature.

American Concrete Institute (ACI)

An organization that provides code and standards for concrete construction.

Portland Cement

A common type of cement used in concrete, requiring 28 days to achieve design strength.

Air-Entraining Admixtures

Admixtures used to improve concrete's resistance to freezing and thawing.

Accelerating Admixture

Material added to concrete to speed up its initial set and strength gain.

Retarding Admixture

Materials used to delay the setting time of concrete.

Superplasticizers

Admixtures that dramatically increase the fluidity of a concrete mix while reducing water content.