BIO 101 Chapter 6 Obj jc

What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

What are the four stages of cellular respiration

Glycolysis, Pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation

What generally occurs during glycolysis

Glucose is split into 2 pyruvates

What are the energy investment phases

Requires 2 ATP to start glycolysis

What is the name of the three-carbon molecule produced during glycolysis, and how many are formed for each molecule of glucose

Pyruvate, 2

How many molecules of ATP are used and produced during glycolysis from each molecule of glucose

2 used, 4 produced

How many molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis for each molecule of glucose

2 molecules

What generally occurs during pyruvate oxidation

Pyruvate is turned into acetyl

How many molecules of ATP, NADH, and CO2 are produced during pyruvate oxidation

ATP = 0
NADH = 2
CO2 = 2

What generally occurs during the Krebs cycle

Breaks down acetyl to make ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2

How many molecules of ATP, NADH, CO2, and FADH2 are produced during the Krebs cycle

ATP = 2
NADH = 6
CO2 = 4
FADH2 = 2

What combines with acetyl CoA to form citrate

Oxaloacetate

How many rotations of the Krebs cycle are completed for each molecule of glucose

2 rotations

What generally occurs during oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)

NADH and FADH2 give electrons to the electron transport chain, and the energy released makes lots of ATP using oxygen (forming water)

How many molecules of ATP, NADH, CO2, and FAHD2 are produced during oxidative phosphorylation

ATP = 34
NADH = 0
CO2 = 0
FAHD2 = 0

Why is oxygen required during this stage, and what is its fate

To help electrons move through the ETC, combines with hydrogens to form water

How are hydrogen ions moved into the intermembrane space, and what is the result of the accumulation of hydrogen ions

Movement from the ETC (kinetic energy) pulls hydrogens into the intermembrane space, Hydrogen ions escape via ATP synthase

What is the path that most electrons travel

Electrons move from glucose to NADH to ETC to oxygen

What is ATP synthase

Allows hydrogen ions to escape, making ATP

What is one advantage anaerobic pathways

It still makes ATP, works without oxygen

What is one disadvantage to anaerobic pathways

Makes very little ATP and can cause waste buildup

What is the balanced equation for alcoholic fermentation

C6H12O6 > 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

What is the balanced equation for lactic acid fermentation

C6H12O6 > 2C3H6O3

Into which stages of cellular respiration can fats be inserted

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle

Into which stages of cellular respiration can proteins be inserted

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Pyruvate oxidation

Glycolysis

• Starts with glucose

• creates 2 pyruvates

• requires 2 ATP

• Makes 4 ATP

• Net 2 ATP

• Makes 2 NADH

Pyruvate Oxidation

• Makes 2 CO2

• Makes 2 NADH

• Does not make ATP

• Turns pyruvate into 2 acetyl-CoA

Kerbs Cycle

• Makes 4 CO2

• Makes 2 ATP

• Makes 6 NADH

• Makes 2 FADH2

Oxidative Phosphorylation

• Does not make CO2

• Does not make NADH

• Does not make FAHD2

• uses O₂ and makes H₂O.”

• Makes 34 ATP

What is the difference between substrate level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis

Substrate Level Phosphorylation - Direct transfer of phosphate, uses regular enzymes to make atp
Chemiosmosis - More atp made via H+ gradient and atp synthase