Chapter 8 - Thinking, Language, & Intelligence

Reliability

________ is a prerequisite for validity.

Scores

________ are typically distributes in a normal curve.

Availability Heuristic

________- basing on information that is- vivid, recent, distinctive.

IQ

________= a respondents performance on a measure of intelligence related to the performance of same- age others.

Trial and Error

Attempting various solutions until stumbling upon one that works

Algorithms

"Methodical…rule"; "step-by-step procedures" (pg

Heuristics

"Simple thinking strategies" (pg

Insight

"Sudden realization of a solution" (pg

Intuition

"Effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought" (pg

Confirmation Bias

"tendency to search for information that supports your preconceptions" (pg

Belief Perseverance

clinging to our ideas in the face of contrary evidence

Availability Heuristic

basing our judgements on the availability of information in our memories

Overconfidence

tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgments

Creativity

"the ability to produce new and valuable ideas" (pg

Five components of creativity

Expertise, Imaginative thinking skills, Venturesome personality, Intrinsic motivation, Creative environment

Intelligence

"the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations" (pg

General Intelligence

G; "… underlies all mental abilities…" (pg

Crystallized Intelligence

"accumulated knowledge" (pg

Fluid Intelligence

"ability to reason speedily and abstractly" (pg

Analytical

academic problem solving

Creativity

"ability to adapt to new situations and generate novel ideas" (pg

Practical

Street smarts

Social Intelligence

knowing how to manage ones self in social situations

Emotional Intelligence

"the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions" (pg.231)

Criticism

Stretches idea of intelligence too far

Preferred

"Measure" or "Assessment"

Standardization

"Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group" (pg

Normal Curve

a bell-shaped pattern of scores

Reliability

Consistency

Reliability

Change in scores related to a construct being measured and not related to other aspects

Reliability

Scores due to systematic rather than chance factors

Validity

Accuracy

Validity

How well something measures what it is intended or assumed to measure

Average score

100

"There is nothing about an individual as important as his IQ"

Lewis Terman

Bias

"A self-confirming concern that you will be judged based on a negative stereotype" (pg

Several ways we approach or find solutions to problems

trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, insight, intuition