OOP Exam 3 - Vocab

Abstract Class

A class that cannot be instantiated

Class Hierachy

Defines the inheritance relationships between a set of classes

Destructor

A special class member that cleans up when an object is deleted.

Interface

a reference type containing only method signatures, default methods, static methods, constants, and nested types.

Package

A grouping of related types providing access protection and namespace management.

Abstract Method

A method declared with no implementation.

Class Library

A collection of classes designed to be used together efficiently

Encapsulation

Bundling data and code into a restricted container

Multiple Inheritance

A subclass inheriting class members from two or more superclasses.

Primitive type

A data type that can typically be handled directly by the underlying hardware.

Abstraction

Specifying a general interface while hiding implementation details.

Constructor

A special class member that creates and initializes an object from the class.

Enumerated type

A data type that includes a fixed set of constant values called enumerators

Namespace

A named scope

Setter

A method that changes the value of a private variable

Algorithm

A procedure for solving a specific problem, expressed a an ordered set of actions.

Declaration

A statement that introduces a name with an associated type into a scope

Getter

A method that returns the value of a private variable.

Object

An instance of a class containing a set of encapsulated data and associated methods

Subclass

The class inheriting members

Class

A template encapsulating data and code that manipulates it

Definition

A declaration that also fully specifies the entity declared

Inheritance

Reuse and extension of fields and method implementations from another class.

Override

A subclass replacing its superclass’ implementation of a method.

Superclass

The class from which members are inherited

Baseline

A reference point in a version control system, usually indicating completion and approval of a product release and sometimes used to support a fork.

Invariant

Code for which specified assertions are guaranteed to be true

Shadowing

A variable declared in a narrower scope than that of a variable of the same name declared in a broader scope.

Exception

An object created to represent an error or other unusual occurrence and then propagated via special mechanisms until caught by special handling code

Fork

A second distinct and independent development path undertaken (often by a different organization) to create a unique product

Assertion

An expression that, if false, indicates a program error (in Java, via the assert keyword).

Data Validation

A statement that introduces a name with an associated type into a scope

Validation Rules

Algorithmically enforceable constraints on the correctness, meaningfulness, and security of input data

Heap

Memory shared by all threads of execution of dynamic allocation

Code

Read-only memory for machine instructions

Synchronized

The ability to control the access of multiple threads to any shared resource

Generic Programming

Writing algorithms in terms of types that are specified as parameters during instantiation or invocation

Mutex

An object that prevents two properly written threads from concurrently accessing a shared resource

Thread

An independent path of execution within a process, running concurrently (as it appears) with other threads within a shared memory space

Iterator

A pointer-like standard library abstraction for objects referring to elements of a collection

Global

Memory for static fields (and in C++, non-scoped variables)

Stack

Scratch memory for a thread of execution

Java Class Library

A library of algorithms focused on organizing code and data as Java generics

Process

A self-contained execution environment including its own memory space.

Reentrant

An algorithm that can pause while executing, then safely be executed by a different thread

Field

A class member variable (also called an “attribute” or “class variable”)

Collection

An object that stores and manages other objects

Generic

A Java construct representing a method or class in terms of generic types

Concurrency

Performing 2 or more algorithms (as it were) simultaneously

Iterator

A pointer-like standard library abstraction for objects referring to elements of a collection

Polymorphism

The provision of a single interface to multiple derived classes, enabling the same method call to invoke different derived methods to generate different results.