McKay, A History of Western Society for AP®, 11e, Chapter 11

flagellants

People who believed that the plague was God's punishment for sin and sought to do penance by flagellating (whipping) themselves.

Hundred Years' War

A war between England and France from 1337 to 1453, with political and economic causes and consequences.

representative assemblies

Deliberative meetings of lords and wealthy urban residents that flourished in many European countries between 1250 and 1450.

Babylonian Captivity

The period from 1309 to 1376 when the popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome. The phrase refers to the seventy years when the Hebrews were held captive in Babylon.

Great Schism

The division, or split, in church leadership from 1378 to 1417 when there were two, then three, popes.

Great Famine

A terrible famine in 1315-1322 that hit much of Europe after a period of climate change.

Black Death

Plague that first struck Europe in 1347 and killed perhaps one-third of the population.

conciliarists

People who believed that the authority in the Roman Church should rest in a general council composed of clergy, theologians, and laypeople, rather than in the pope alone.

confraternities

Voluntary lay groups organized by occupation, devotional preference, neighborhood, or charitable activity.

Jacquerie

A massive uprising by French peasants in 1358 protesting heavy taxation.

English Peasants' Revolt

Revolt by English peasants in 1381 in response to changing economic conditions.

Statute of Kilkenny

Law issued in 1366 that discriminated against the Irish, forbidding marriage between the English and the Irish, requiring the use of the English language, and denying the Irish access to ecclesiastical offices.