Nuptiality, Cohabitation, Ageing, and Demographic Data Flashcards

Flashcards reviewing nuptiality, cohabitation patterns, population ageing trends, functional health indicators, and updated Philippine demographic statistics.

What government agency and research organization were involved in the key study titled 'Unearthing Perspectives in Nuptiality and Cohabitation'?

The Commission on Population and Development (CPD) and the Asian Center of Education, Research, and Training for Innovation, Inc. (ACERT).

How did the percentage of Filipino women aged 15–49 living in cohabitation change from 1993 to 2022?

It increased nearly fourfold, from 5% in 1993 to 19% in 2022.

According to the 2020 Census of Population and Housing, how many women aged 20–29 were living in common-law/live-in arrangements?

Approximately 2.5 million women.

What proportion and estimated number of Filipino youth aged 15–24 were cohabiting according to the 2021 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study?

Approximately 12% of Filipino youth aged 15–24 were cohabiting, which equals roughly 2.4 million young people out of a 20 million youth population.

What were the registered birth figures for children born outside marriage compared to formal unions in the Philippines for 2023?

There were 842,728 children born outside marriage and 605,794 births from couples in formal union (with total registered births decreasing by 7.8% from 2022).

What is the LSAHP, and which organizations were responsible for implementing and funding it?

The LSAHP (Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health in the Philippines) is the country's first nationally representative panel study on older Filipinos. It was implemented by DRDF (Demographic Research and Development Foundation, Inc.) and funded by ERIA (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia).

What were the survey periods and sample sizes for Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the LSAHP?

Wave 1 (December 2018–March 2019) had 5,985 respondents. Wave 2 (January–April 2023) interviewed 4,011 surviving older persons and 1,514 informants for deceased respondents.

How does the United Nations define an 'ageing society'?

An ageing society is defined as a population where 10% to 19% of the total population are aged 60 years and over.

What was the total household population and proportion of senior citizens (aged 60+) in the Philippines in 2024?

The 2024 household population was 112.33 million, with senior citizens accounting for 11.42 million or 10.2% of the total population.

What was the Philippine Ageing Index in 2024, and what does it indicate?

The Ageing Index was 24.7, meaning there were approximately 25 persons aged 65 and over for every 100 children below age 15.

How did the sex ratio among older Filipinos change between LSAHP Wave 1 and Wave 2, and what phenomenon does it illustrate?

The sex ratio decreased from approximately 68 males per 100 females in Wave 1 to 57 males per 100 females in Wave 2, illustrating the increasing feminization of ageing.

What are the top three sources of financial support for older Filipinos reported in LSAHP Wave 2?

1. Money from children within the Philippines (58%)
2. Pension (54%)
3. Income from work (26%)

What are the three most commonly diagnosed illnesses among older Filipinos in LSAHP Wave 2?

1. Hypertension (48%)
2. Cataracts (19%)
3. Arthritis/neuralgia/rheumatism (18%)

What is the distinction between ADL and IADL in functional health evaluation?

ADL (Activities of Daily Living) refers to basic self-care activities such as bathing, dressing, and eating. IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) refers to more complex activities required for independent living, such as managing finances and transportation.

What percentages of older Filipinos reported difficulty with at least one ADL and at least one IADL in LSAHP Wave 2?

About 20% reported difficulty with at least one ADL, and about 32% reported difficulty with at least one IADL.

Under the Washington Group (WG) Short Set on Functioning, what was the most commonly reported physical difficulty among older Filipinos?

Climbing steps, which was reported by 45% of older Filipinos.

What is edentulism, and what was its prevalence among older Filipinos in LSAHP Wave 2?

Edentulism is the complete loss of natural teeth. Its prevalence was 32% among older Filipinos.

What is the formula for Body Mass Index (BMI), and what were the main BMI distributions in LSAHP Wave 2?

Formula: $\text{BMI} = \frac{\text{weight in kilograms}}{(\text{height in metres})^2}$ Findings: 56% had a normal BMI, 14% were underweight, and 8% were obese.

What scale was used to assess depressive symptoms in LSAHP Wave 2, and what was the mean score?

An 11-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used, with a Wave 2 mean score of 5 out of 22.

Who pays the largest share of hospitalization costs for older Filipinos?

Children pay for 61% of hospitalization costs for older persons.

What percentage of diagnosed hypertensive and diabetic older Filipinos take maintenance medicines, and how many obtain them consistently from government health centres?

84% of hypertensive patients and 76% of diabetic patients take maintenance medicines. Only 19% of hypertensive patients and 11% of diabetic patients obtain them from government health centres all the time.

Who served as the primary caregiver prior to death for deceased older males versus deceased older females in LSAHP Wave 2?

For deceased males, spouses were the primary caregiver (53%). For deceased females, daughters were the primary caregiver (52%).

What percentage of older Filipinos in LSAHP Wave 2 tested positive for COVID-19, and what percentage of those who tested positive were hospitalized?

Approximately 2.8% tested positive for COVID-19, and 19.8% of those who tested positive were hospitalized.

How many registered marriages took place in the Philippines in 2024, and what was the percentage decrease from 2023?

There were 371,825 registered marriages in 2024, representing a 10.2% decrease from 414,213 in 2023.

What was the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in the Philippines in 2025, and how does it compare to 1993?

The 2025 TFR was 1.7 children per woman (below replacement level), down from 4.1 children per woman in 1993.

Which age group recorded the highest Age-Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) in 2025?

Women aged 25–29, with an ASFR of 94 live births per 1,000 women.

What was the prevalence of teenage pregnancy among Filipino women aged 15–19 in 2025?

4.9% had ever been pregnant (3.5% had a live birth, 1.3% were pregnant at the time of interview, and 0.5% experienced pregnancy loss).