Nonrenewable Energy

What is an example of chemical energy?

Burning candle

What is an example of mechanical energy?

Pedaling a bike

What is an example of electrical energy?

Using lights

What is an example of nuclear energy?

Power plants

What is an example of thermal energy?

Heat from wood stove

What is an example of electromagnetic energy?

Sunlight powering solar

What is an example of gravitational energy?

Rock rolling down hill

What is the order of the most used energy sources?

Oil

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear energy

What are primary energy resources and examples?

Natural sources:

Solar

Wind

Oil

Gas

What are secondary energy resources and examples?

Sources from primary energy resources:

Electricity

Ethonal

What percentage of the world population is in the US?

4.6%

What percentage does the US use of the world energy?

25%

When is crude oil expected to be depleted?

2100

When is natural gas expected to be depleted?

250 years

When is coal expected to be depleted?

400 years

What elements are major pollutants from fossil fuels?

Sulfur

Lead

CO₂

Where is crude oil from?

Earth’s crust and extracted by well

Old marine life

What is in crude oil?

Hydrocarbons

Sulfur

Oxygen

Nitrogen

What was the US’s progression of different energies?

Wood

Coal

Oil

Natural gas

Where and what is sweet crude?

P.A. with less lead and sulfur

Porous rock formations deep underground

Where and what is sour crude?

Middle East with more lead and sulfur

What does OPEC stand for?

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

What are four countries in OPEC?

Iran

Iraq

Kuwait

Nigeria

Venezuela

What are three countries NOT in OPEC?

Mexico

Russia

US

Where and when was America’s first commercial oil well?

Titusville P.A.

1859

How many gallons are in a barrel of oil?

42 gallons

How much of the oil that comes out of America is used for gas?

65%

Where are most American refineries?

Gulf of Mexico and Texas

How much has oil production increased since 2010?

Doubled

What is secondary recovery?

Pushing water into the ground to push oil towards oil wells

How many carbons are in methane, what is its use, and is it an S. L. or G?

1

Heating of homes, cooking, and delivered by National Fuel

Gas

How many carbons are in ethane, what is its use, and is it an S. L. or G??

2

Heating of homes, cooking, and delivered by National Fuel

Gas

How many carbons are in butane, what is its use, and is it an S. L. or G?

4

Lighters

Liquid

How many carbons are in octane, what is its use, and is it an S. L. or G?

5-8

Gasoline

Liquid

How many carbons are in propane, what is its use, and is it an S. L. or G?

3

Gas grills and home heating

Gas

How many carbons are in decane, what is its use, and is it an S. L. or G?

10

High-quality gas

Gas/liquid

How many carbons are in diesel fuel, what is its use, and is it an S. L. or G??

18

Gas

Liquid

How many carbons are in asphalt and is it an S. L. or G??

70

Liquid

When, where, who, and how deep was the first natural gas well?

1821

Canadaway Creek in Chautauqua County

William Hart

27 feet deep with hollow logs stuck together with tar and rags

What is a reservoir rock?

Where gas and oil sits

What is a source rock?

Sedimentary rock that creates oil and gas from long heat and pressure exposure

What is kerogen?

Organic molecules that “cooks” into oil/natural gas

What percentage of transportation fuel is oil?

96%

Uses of natural gas?

Heats homes and water

used in commercial factories more than any other fuel

Where and what holds large amounts of natural gas?

Marcellus shale in NY and PA

What is a cap/trap rock?

Non-porous rock that traps gas/oil

Where is fracking banned and allowed?

Banned in NY

Allowed in PA, OH, and WV

What is the combustion equation?

Methane + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

When, why, and effect of Arab Oil Embargo?

1973

US was supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War

Quadrupled oil prices and gas had to be rationed

Issues with hydrofracking

Uses chemicals that can poison the ground

Banned in NYS

What is cracking and reforming

Processes during making of gas

Cracking - breaking chains of carbons

Reforming - fusing of carbon chains

What type of ethanol gas is sold in East Aurora?

E10 and E20

When did oil production peak?

1973 and now

Process of fracking?

Drilling: A well is thousands of feet into the ground and turns horizontally

Fracturing: Water, sand, and chemicals are pushed in to crack layers of rock

Propping: The mixture (proppant) stays inside new cracks to keep them open

Collection: Sucks up gas into holding tanks

8 facts about fracking

1. Induce earthquakes

2. Poison the ground due to chemicals

3. Machinery causes air pollution

4. Causes methane leaks

5. Used for shale gas

6. They reuse the water

7. First fracking experiment was in 1947

8. Process is exempt from regulations like the Safe Water Act Drinking

What are CNG vehicles? Pros and cons

Run off natural gas

Less pollutant

Smaller driving range