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show hemiacetal formation
show acetal formation
where is equilibria favored in hemiacetal formation
starting C=O compound
are hemiacetals isolable?
no, unless formed with reactive C=O systems (formaldehyde 2,2,2-trichloroacetalhyde)
isolable from hydroxy aldehydes and ketones when cyclization leads to strain free 5 or 6 ring
are cyclic or acyclic hemiacetals more stable
cyclic
show intramolecular hemiacetal formation
what can catalyze acetal formation
acids
how can each step be shifted or reversed in equilibrium
with presence of acid
excess OH or removing H2O —> acetal
excess H2O (acetal hydrolysis) to get aldehyde or ketone
can hemiacetals or acetals be isolated as pure substances
acetals
show the hydrolysis of acetals
