Lecture #18 Endocrine III - Adrenal and Gonads

These flashcards cover key concepts and details concerning the adrenal glands, gonads, and associated hormones.

What are the two main parts of the adrenal glands?

The adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.

What is the primary function of the adrenal cortex?

To synthesize and secrete corticosteroids.

What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex?

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.

Which mineralocorticoid is most potent?

Aldosterone.

What is the primary glucocorticoid in humans?

Cortisol.

What condition is caused by hypersecretion of cortisol?

Cushing's syndrome.

What are the symptoms of Addison's disease?

Fatigue, weight loss, hyperglycemia, and low blood pressure.

What are gonadocorticoids?

Sex hormones, mainly androgens, produced in the adrenal cortex.

What hormones do the ovaries primarily produce?

Estrogens and progesterone.

What is the main role of testosterone produced in the testes?

To initiate maturation of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics.

What is the effect of glucocorticoids like cortisol on the immune system?

Suppresses the immune system.

What hormone regulates blood pressure by affecting sodium and potassium levels?

Aldosterone.

What does hypersecretion of adrenal medulla hormones lead to?

Increased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure.

What physical traits do estrogens promote in females?

Breast enlargement, hip widening, and increased fat deposits.

What are anabolic steroids used for?

To increase male characteristics and strength.