Mammo week 2

axial skeleton

axial skeleton

down the center; vertebrae, ribs

Appendicular skeleton

limbs and pelvis

Cervical

- neck region

- almost all mammals have 7

- first two are ATLAS AND AXIS, which articulate the skull at the occipital condyles

Thoracic

connect to the ribs

often have large dorsal spines

Lumbar

Lower back, links to pelvis

Sacral

Support pelvic girdle

usually 3-5

Caudal

Bones of the tail

Clavicle

Collar bone

Scapula

shoulder blades

Plantigrade

how bears stand

Digitigrade

how dogs stand

Unguligrade

walking on hooves

Humerus

upper arm

Ulna and radius

forearm bones

metacarpals

hand bones

phalanges

fingers, toes

Homodont

all teeth are the same

(armadillo and porpoises)

Heterodont

All teeth are different

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, molars

Incisors

front teeth; unicuspid

Canines

Unicuspid and single-rooted, often for holding and stabbing

Premolars

The teeth immediately behind the canines; used in chewing, grinding, and shearing food. bicuspid or bicuspid (usually)

molars

Back teeth that grind food; bicuspid or multicuspid

Dilambdodont

W-shaped

Found in bats, shrews, moles

insectivores

Bunodont

3-4 rounded cusps. Found in pigs, bears, raccoons, humans

Lophodont

elongated ridges between cusps

Found in many rodents and logomorphs

- herbivores, granivores

- hind gut fermenters

Selenodont

crescent-shaped cusps

- herbivores, ruminants

- ungulates

Dental formula

I 1/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 = 15 * 2 = 30

Pelvis

hip bone

Femur

thigh bone

Patella

knee

Fibula

calf bone

tibia

shin bone

Tarsus

ankle

Metatarsus

the five parallel bones of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges

teeth Cusp

the teeth points

sternum

chest bone

Carpal

wrist