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The Citric Acid Cycle
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1
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What is the TCA for?
Produces energy from glucose products
2
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Net reaction of TCA?
2 Acetyl-CoA + 6 NAD+ + 2 FAD + 2 ADP → 4CO2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP + 6 H+
3
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Where does the TCA occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
4
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What are the 3 committing steps of TCA? Name the enzymes.
Citrate Synthase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, and a-keotglutarate dehydrogenase
5
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What regulates citrate synthase?
Positive: Energy charge, need for TCA products
Negative: ATP, NADH, Citrate, Succinyl-CoA
6
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What regulates Isocitrate Dehydrogenase?
Positive: Energy Charge, need for TCA Products
Negative: ATP, NADH
7
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What regulates a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
Positive: Need for TCA products
Negative: NADH, Succinyl-CoA
8
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What is the chemical logic of the TCA?
Citric acid intermediates are more easily oxidized than acetate (product of pyruvate) and therefore makes e- transfer more efficient
9
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What is the pattern for Carbon tracing from Glucose?
Carbon 3/4: 100% Lost before TCA
Carbon 2/5: 100% Lost in round 2 in TCA as CO2
Carbon 1/6: 50% Lost in round 3, 25% in round 4, …
10
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What in an anaplerotic reaction?
A reaction that replenishes TCA intermediates
11
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Why is the TCA amphibolic?
Does both anaplerosis and cataplerosis to use and regenerate intermediates - cyclical
12
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How is Oxaloacetate replenished?
PEP Carboxylase and Pyruvate Carboxylase
13
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What other process is Pyruvate carboxylase used in?
Gluconeogenesis
14
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What activates pyruvate carboxylase?
Acetyl-CoA
15
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What cofactor does pyruvate carboxylase use?
Biotin
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