Overview of B-Vitamins and Related Nutrients

These flashcards cover essential vitamins, their functions, deficiency symptoms, and related nutrients, aiding in the understanding of B-vitamins and their roles in health.

B-Vitamins

A group of water-soluble vitamins critical for energy metabolism and cellular function.

Thiamin (B1)

Essential for carbohydrate metabolism; coenzyme form is Thiamin Diphosphate (TDP).

Beriberi

A deficiency disease caused by lack of Thiamin, characterized by neurological symptoms and cardiovascular issues.

Riboflavin (B2)

Component of FAD and FMN; important for oxidative metabolism and antioxidant function.

Ariboflavinosis

A deficiency of Riboflavin, leading to sore throat, swollen mucous membranes, and cracked lips.

Niacin (B3)

Coenzyme precursors NAD and NADP; vital for the TCA cycle and electron transport.

Pellagra

Condition caused by Niacin deficiency, characterized by Dermatitis, Diarrhea, and Dementia.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

A coenzyme involved in over 100 reactions, including amino acid and neurotransmitter metabolism.

Microcytic Anemia

Anemia characterized by smaller than normal red blood cells, often linked to Vitamin B6 deficiency.

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

Component of Coenzyme A, essential for fatty acid metabolism and synthesis of steroid hormones.

Biotin (B7)

A coenzyme for carboxylases; involved in fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis.

Choline

A vitamin-like nutrient important for cell membranes and neurotransmitter production.

Folate (B9)

Essential for DNA synthesis, cell division, and critical for fetal development.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Key role in metabolism, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell production; found in animal products.

Oxidative Stress

An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, leading to cell damage.

Free Radicals

Atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons, leading to oxidative damage and chronic diseases.

Antioxidants

Substances that neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative damage.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Water-soluble vitamin essential for collagen synthesis, antioxidant function, and iron absorption.

Vitamin E (Tocopherols)

Fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant and supports immune function.

Selenium

Trace mineral essential for immune function and antioxidant activity.

Iron

A trace mineral essential for oxygen transport in red blood cells; exists as heme and non-heme.

Calcium

The most abundant mineral in the body, crucial for bone/teeth structure and various bodily functions.

Vitamin D

Fat-soluble vitamin important for calcium absorption and bone health.

Vitamin K

Essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism.

Hydration

The process of maintaining body fluid balance; crucial for overall health.

Electrolytes

Charged ions that regulate fluid balance and nerve/muscle function in the body.