APUSH Unit 1 Chapters 3-4

Enlightenment

emphasized the power of human reason to understand the world

Pietism

an evangelical Christian movement that stressed the individual’s personal relationship with God

Abundance of imported goods began to reshape

material culture, bringing new comforts into the lives of middling sort while prosperous merchants and landowners to set themselves apart form their neighbors in the new ways

British Shipping came to dominate the North Atlantic

enormous amount of vessels piled the waters

the great wagon road carried

migrating families down the shenandoah valley as far as the carolina back county, people, produce, merchandise, info, letters, newpapers, pamphlets, books

the cause of british government power to censor all printed materials, and parliament letting the licensing act lapse caused

opening of print shops, bookselling, and printing revolution

the enlightenment in america

relying on folk wisdom and that the scientific revolution of the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries challenged these ideas, and educated people to have different views

Locke view was

the people should have the power to change government policies — or even their form of government

Deism

was a way of thinking, not an established religion

The great awakening sparked

controversial upheaval, many speaking as it was carrying out , fainting and convulsions

the great awakening was a threat to

traditional Christian ministers because it challenged the authority of all ministers whose status rested on respect for their education and knowledge of the Bible

the baptist revival in the Chesapeake

challenged customary authority in families and society but did not overturn it

After Charles II was defeated in 1651, England wa no longer a monarchy

it was ruled by parliament as a commonwealth

During the long period of instability and crisis in England,

its American colonies largely managed their own affairs

Colonies struggled as

important decisions about the nature of the economy, the government, and the social system had to be worked out through trial and error while england was busy trying to solve their problems in the old world

In a great land grab, England had ousted

the Dutch from North America intruded into Spain’s northern empire, and claimed all the land in between.

In north carolina

settlers were a mixture of poor families and runaway servants from Virginia and English Quakers, an equality-minded Protestant sect (also known as the Society of Friends) Through their stubborn independence, residents forced the proprietors to abandon their dreams of a manorial society

in south carolina

white settlers there were migrants from overcrowded Barbados. Hoping to re-create that island’s hierarchical slave society, they used enslaved workers — both Africans and Native Americans

At the same time, neighboring Indigenous groups began selling deerskins and enslaved war captives to merchants in Charleston, South Carolina’s port town

Penn urged colonists to

“sit downe Lovingly” alongside the Native American inhabitants of the Delaware and Susquehanna valleys. He wrote a letter to the leaders of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy alerting them to his intention to settle a colony, and in 1682 he arranged a public treaty with the Lenni Lenapes (Delawares) to purchase the lands that Philadelphia and the surrounding settlements would soon occupy

the English crown had pursued

mercantilist policies, using government subsidies and charters to stimulate English manufacturing and foreign trade. Now it extended these mercantilist strategies to the American settlements through the Navigation Acts.

the Navigation Act of 1651 required

that goods be carried on ships owned by English or colonial merchants

the Revenue Act of 1673 imposed

a “plantation duty” on American exports of sugar and tobacco.

In 1686, the Lords of Trade revoked the charters of

Connecticut and Rhode Island and merged them with Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth to form a new royal province, the Dominion of New England

The Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689 began a new era in the politics of both England and its American colonies

In England, William and Mary ruled as constitutional monarchs; overseas, they promoted an empire based on commerce. They accepted the overthrow of James’s disastrous Dominion of New England and allowed Massachusetts (under its new charter) and New York to resume self-government

While the Board of Trade continued to pursue the mercantilist policies that made the colonies economically beneficial, it permitted local elites to maintain a strong hand in colonial affairs. As England plunged into a new era of European warfare, its leaders had little choice but to allow its colonies substantial autonomy

between 1750 and 1763 what 3 big things happened

1. british went to war against the french in america = worldwide conflict and the great was for empire

2. large surge in trade boosted colonial consumption causing americans to become deeply indebted to british creditors

3. relentless territorial expansion cased conflicted and war with native american communities

In 1754, overlapping French and British claims in North America came to a head (Map 4.2). The French maintained

heir vast claims through a network of forts and trading posts that sustained alliances with the Indigenous communities that owned the land

The Covenant Chain was in need of repair because

Haudenosaunee leaders believed that the British were neglecting them while settlers from New York pressed onto their lands. Moreover, they worried that the British were losing ground to the French in the Ohio Valley

In June 1755, British and New England troops captured

Fort Beauséjour in the disputed territory of Nova Scotia (which the French called Acadia). Soldiers from Puritan Massachusetts then forced nearly 10,000 French settlers from their lands, arguing they were “rebels” without property rights, and deported them to France, the West Indies, and Louisiana (where “Acadians” became “Cajuns”)

St. Lawrence that had previously been captured in 1745, only to be returned at the close of the previous war. In 1759, an armada led by British general James Wolfe sailed down the St. Lawrence and

ook Quebec, the heart of France’s American empire. The Royal Navy prevented French reinforcements from crossing the Atlantic, allowing British forces to complete the conquest of Canada in 1760 by capturing Montreal

Neolin, a Delaware prophet, went further, calling for the expulsion of all white-skinned invaders:

“If you suffer the English among you, you are dead men. Sickness, smallpox, and their poison [rum] will destroy you entirely.”

The British ministry, having learned how expensive it was to try to control the trans-Appalachian west, issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763

which confirmed Native American control of the region and declared it off-limits to colonial settlement. It was an edict that many colonists would ignore.

By the late 1750s, settlers from Connecticut and Pennsylvania were at war, burning down their rivals’ houses and barn

Delawares with their own claim to the valley were caught in the crossfire. In April 1763, the Delaware headman Teedyuscung was burned to death in his cabin; in retaliation, Teedyuscung’s son Captain Bull led a war party that destroyed a community of Connecticut settlers.