Routing Technologies

Which of the statements listed below can be used to describe static routing?

High security since no routing updates are exchanged, manually configured by network administrators and simple to set up, especially in small networks.

Which of the following answers refer to dynamic routing?

More scalable and efficient for larger networks, automatically discovers and maintains routes, and adjusts routing paths based on the current network state.

An _______ is a large network or collection of networks under a single administrative control.

Autonomous System (AS)

_______ refers to the process of routing data between different ASs, typically using exterior gateway protocols. Intra-domain routing involves routing data within a single AS, typically using interior gateway protocols.

Intra-domain routing

An _______ (which is essentially another term for a router) facilitates data movement within and between ASs by routing data between different networks or segments within a larger network.

Intermediate System

In the context of routing protocols, the term _______ refers to the process by which all routers within a network update their routing tables to achieve a consistent and accurate view of the network topology after a change, such as a link failure or new connection.

Convergence

Which of the answers listed below does describe the characteristics of a distance-vector protocol?

Routes are determined based on the shortest distance, typically measured in hops, simple setup, slower convergence time, and routers periodically share their routing tables with immediate neighbors to maintain up-to-date route information.

Which of the following answers refer link-state routing protocols?

Each router maintains a complete map of the network topology, routers send updates only when there are network changes, reducing unnecessary traffic and converge quickly after network changes, improving reliability in larger networks.

Which of the answers listed below describe the features of path-vector routing protocols?

Used for inter-domain routing between ASs, such as in the Internet and routers store and share the full path (sequence of ASs) to each destination, rather than simple distance metrics.

The most characteristic feature of _______ is that they combine the distance metrics of distance-vector protocols, such as hop count or bandwidth, with the topology awareness and advanced updates of link-state protocols to calculate the best path to a destination and achieve faster convergence.

Hybrid routing protocols

Which of the following is an example of a distance-vector routing protocol?

RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

Which of the answers listed below refer to link-state routing protocols?

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System).

Which of the following protocols is classified as a hybrid routing protocol?

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

Which of the answers listed below refers to a path-vector routing protocol?

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

Which of the following answers refer(s) to (an) interior gateway protocol(s) used for intra-domain routing (within an AS)?

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), RIP (Routing Information Protocol), IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System), and EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol).

Which of the answers listed below refers to an exterior gateway protocol used for inter-domain routing (between ASs)?

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

In routing, an _______ is a value assigned to each routing protocol that indicates its reliability or trustworthiness. Routers use this value to rank routes from most preferred to least preferred, with lower values signifying more trusted routes.

Administrative distance

Given the following routing options to reach the destination 192.168.1.0, which prefix length provides the most specific and optimal route?

192.168.1.0/28

_______ are values routing protocols use to choose the best path for data. Examples include hop count in RIP, bandwidth-based cost in OSPF and IS-IS, composite metrics in EIGRP (bandwidth and delay), and path attributes in BGP. In most cases, lower metric values indicate a better route.

Routing metrics

A technique that maps private, internal IP addresses to a single public IP address (or multiple public addresses) is referred to as:

NAT (Network Address Translation)

Which of the answers listed below refer to the key features of PAT?

Translates both the IP address and port number for each device, ensuring session uniqueness, allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address by using unique port numbers and uses port numbers to distinguish connections from different devices on a single public IP address.

Which of the following answers can be used to describe FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol)?

Virtual IP address shared among several routers, automatic failover between devices, and redundancy for gateway devices.

A VIP (Virtual IP) address:

Is not tied to a specific physical network interface or device, can be assigned to multiple devices, allowing them to share a single address, supports automatic failover between multiple devices for high availability and enables load balancing across several active devices to optimize resource utilization.

Which of the answers listed below refer to the concept of a subinterface in IP networking?

Divide a single physical interface into multiple logical interfaces, allow for multiple IP addresses to be assigned to a single physical interface and improve network security by allowing different policies to be applied to each subinterface.