Parasitology Lecture - Class Trematoda: Opisthorchis felineus

what is the common name of this parasite?

Cat Liver fluke

what is the pathogenesis of this parasite?

Opisthorchiasis felineus

Parasite infects several species of what kind of mammals? and lives in the what of the pancreas?

fish-eating, biliary and pancreatic

what is the color of the adult worm?

Reddish yellow

the arrangement of internal organs resembles that of?

Clonorchis sinensis

Testes are? and are arranged obliquely in?

lobate, tandem

what are the name of the two suckers?

oval, ventral suckers

It has a blind digestive system, with the only opening is the? and it has no?

mouth, anus

what is the color and shape of their eggs? and compared to the size, it is more what to C. sinensis?

Yellowish-brown, ovoid; smaller

It has an operculum that sits on the what of the eggshell?

thickened rim

A minute what is likewise found in the abopercular end?

tubercular thickening

When released from an adult worm, a fully developed what is present within the eggshell?

miracidium

what differentiates this species cercaria from C. sinensis?

flame cell pattern

what other species closely related that is infective to man?

Opisthorchis viverrini

Opisthorchis viverrini, ovary and testes are what to each other?

nearer

Opisthorchis viverrini's ovary and testes are more deeply?

lobulated

Opisthorchis viverrini's vitellaria are aggregated into? and the esophagus is?

clusters, elongated

Differentiating the Opisthorchis eggs of two is quite?

difficult

Its life cycle parallels that of?

Clonorchis sinensis

Eggs that contains the viable miracidium is ingested by the only known first IH which is a hydrobiid snail?

Bithynia leachi

Inside the snail, the parasite will undergo through the what stages of development?

sporocyst, redial

Cercaria will emerge from the two (2) redia in how months after infection?

2 months

The cercaria will attach itself to and penetrate the skin of what that will serve as the second IH?

cyprinoid fishes

Metacercaria excysts in where? then the young fluke will migrate through the ampulla of vater to the distal bile passages where they mature in how many weeks? its entire life cycle is completed in a minimum of how many months?

duodenum, 3-4 weeks, 4 months

Opisthorchis viverrini, its life cycle is similar with Opisthorchis felineus, snails that belong to Genus will serve as the first IH and as the second IH

Bithynia, cyprinoid fishes

The parasite present in the bile duct will initiate what changes of the biliary epithelium? and that will result in the dilation of the? and thickening of the duct walls which eventually lead to?

proliferative, bile ducts, fibrosis

Its clinical involvement will depend largely on?

worm burden, duration of infection

Moderate infections harboring several hundreds to a thousand worms will cause what of the liver? and what of the spleen with icterus and local what in the wall of the bile duct?

enlargement, passive congestion, eosinophilia

In Heavy infections, worms can be found in the where? and the patient will suffer what?

pancreas, gall bladder; digestive disturbances

Those who harbors the O. viverrini infection have high incidence of what after a meal? and pain over the what area? what may formed surrounding the parasite eggs?

diarrhea, flatulence; liver, bile stones

Opisthorchiasis has been linked to what of the bile duct and the liver?

carcinoma

Diagnosis is made by the detection of what in stool?

eggs

O. felineus is found in many countries in Europe, Turkey, USSR, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and India, so mostly in?

Middle Asia

In the Philippines, only one (1) case of O. felineus has been reported in a Filipino, whereas what have been detected in stools of many patients?

opisthorchis eggs

what animal infections have also been confirmed?

cat

Geographical distribution of this parasite in the Philippines has yet to be?

confirmed

O. viverrini is found in?

Thailand, Laos, Malaysia

Its transmission is mainly by consumption of? however the possibility that viable metacercaria may exist in decomposing fish could be ingested by what containing them?

infected raw fish, drinking water

Also by ingestion of infected?

processed fish

dogs, cats, rats, foxes, beavers, rabbits, seal, and lion can be?

Reservoir hosts

what is a safe and effective drug against these two parasites?

Praziquantel

Its prevention and control is the same as those of?

chlonorchis