Chapter 9, Lesson 1: Joints and Their Classification

Flashcards from Chapter 9, Lesson 1 of McGraw Hill Anatomy and Physiology, Ninth Edition, by Kenneth S. Saladin.

Joint (articulation)

Any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable there

Arthrology

The science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction

Kinesiology

The study of musculoskeletal movement

Joint categories

Four major categories based on structure: bony, fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Bony joints (synostoses)

Immboile joints formed when gaps between bones ossify, like the left and right mandible or elderly cranial structures

Forms from fibrous or cartilaginous joints

Fibrous joints (synarthroses)

Adjacent bones bound by collagen emerging and penetrating between two bones; types include the sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses

Sutures

Immobile or slightly mobile fibrous joints where short collagen fibers bind the skull bones; can be classified as serrate, lap (squamous), or plane (butt)

Serrate sutures

Sutures with interlocking way lines

Lap sutures (squamous sutures)

Sutures with overlapping beveled edges

Plane sutures (butt sutures)

Sutures with straight, non-overlapping edges

Gomphoses

A type of fibrous joint of an attachment of a tooth to a socket; held in place by fibrous periodontal ligaments and collagen fibers for some movement

Syndesmoses

A type of fibrous joint where two bones are bound by collagen fibers, such as the interosseous membrane from the radius to the ulna (supination and pronation) or tibia and fibula (like plastic wrap)

Cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses)

A joint where two bones are linked by cartilage; categorized into synchrondroses or symphyses

Synchrondroses

A type of cartilaginous joint joined by hyaline cartilage (more movable) found in the epiphysial plates of children and first rib attachment to the sternum

Symphyses

A type of cartilaginous joint joined by fibrocartilage found in the pubic symphysis (joining the left and right pubis) as well as the intervertebral discs for slight movement but firmness