AP World History: Modern - Unit 1: The Global Tapestry - VOCAB

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Song Dynasty

A Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 960 to 1279.

Confucianism

A system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, based on the teachings of Confucius.

Imperial Bureaucracy

A system of government in which officials are appointed to manage various state functions, often based on merit and education.

Mandate Of Heaven

An ancient Chinese concept stating the right to rule was granted by the heavens.

Civil Service Exam

A test administered by the government of China to select qualified individuals for bureaucratic positions.

Filial Piety

A Confucian virtue of respect and duty towards one's parents and ancestors.

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophical movement that emerged in the Song Dynasty, integrating Confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist ideas.

Buddhism

A religion focusing on Buddha’s teachings: personal spiritual development and the attainment of a deep insight into the true nature of life.

Heian Japan

A period in Japanese history (794-1185) characterized by the flourishing of art, culture, the fall of Chinese influence, and the establishment of a distinct Japanese identity.

Champa Rice

A hybrid agricultural product, a mix of rice and other crops, significant in Southeast Asian agriculture.

Grand Canal

A vast waterway system in China that facilitated trade and transportation between northern and southern regions.

Steel & Iron Production

The industrial processes involved in creating steel and iron, crucial for tools, weapons, and infrastructure.

Textiles

Fabric or cloth produced through weaving, knitting, or felting, significant in trade and economy.

Porcelain

A high-quality ceramic material developed in China, known for its strength and beauty, often used in fine pottery.

Islam

A monotheistic religion founded in Southwest Asia on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, emphasizing submission to the will of Allah.

Judaism

One of the oldest monotheistic religions, centered on the covenant between God and the Hebrew people.

Christianity

A monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, emphasizing love, forgiveness, and salvation.

Abbasid Caliphate

An unbroken line of Muslim caliphs for over three centuries that ruled over Dar al-Islam.

Turks

A Central Asian people that took over Dar al-Islam after the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate and spread Islam to different parts of the world.

Seljuk Empire

A medieval empire that marked the beginning of Turkic power in the Middle East.

Mamluk

The ___ Sultanate based primarily in Egypt, helping add the region to Dar al-Islam.

Delhi Sultanates

A Muslim sultan-ruled kingdom in north India that spread Islam to the Indian subcontinent.

Sufis

A group of Muslims who are characterized by practicing the mystic body of religious practices found within Islam and their influence in popularizing Islam.

Dar al-Islam

A term referring to all of the Muslim regions of the world.

Hinduism

A major world religion originating in India, characterized by a variety of beliefs, practices, and a belief in karma and reincarnation.

Bhakti Movement

A devotional trend in Hinduism emphasizing personal devotion to a deity, often transcending caste barriers; similar in effects to Hinduism as Sufism to Islam.

Monasticism

A religious way of life characterized by the renunciation of worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.

Vijayanagara Empire

A South Indian empire known for its cultural achievements and architectural innovations during the 14th to 17th centuries; began as a Muslim part of the Delhi Sultanate but later became a Hindu superpower in South Asia.

Srivijaya Empire

A maritime and commercial kingdom based on Sumatra in modern-day Indonesia, known for its influence on trade and Buddhism in Southeast Asia.

Rajput Empire

A collection of warrior clans in India known for their valor and contributions to Indian culture and politics.

Khmer Empire

A powerful Southeast Asian empire known for its monumental architecture, including Angkor Wat.

Majapahit

A significant maritime empire in Southeast Asia, known for its trade and cultural influence during the 13th to 16th centuries.

Sukhothai Kingdom

An early Thai kingdom known for its contributions to Thai culture and the establishment of the Thai script.

Sinhala Dynasties

Ancient kingdoms in Sri Lanka known for their rich cultural heritage and Buddhist traditions.

Maya

An ancient Mesoamerican civilization known for its hieroglyphic script, art, architecture, and astronomical systems.

Mexica (Aztec)

A Mesoamerican culture known for its powerful empire, complex society, and impressive architectural achievements.

Inca

A South American civilization known for its vast empire, advanced engineering, and agricultural practices.

Chaco

An ancient Native American cultural area in the southwestern United States, known for its unique architecture and astronomical alignments.

Mesa Verde

A region in Colorado known for its well-preserved cliff dwellings of the Ancestral Puebloans.

Cahokia

A pre-Columbian Native American city located near modern-day St. Louis, known for its large earthen mounds.

Great Zimbabwe

A medieval city in southern Africa known for its impressive stone ruins and as a center of trade.

Hausa Kingdoms

A collection of independent city-states in West Africa known for trade, culture, and Islamic scholarship.

Ethiopia

A major kingdom (and eventually, country) in the Horn of Africa with a rich history, known for its Christian heritage and unique cultural practices.

Ghana

An ancient kingdom (different from the modern-day country with the same name) in West Africa known for its powerful army, wealth, and influence in trans-Saharan trade in gold and salt.

Mali

A West African empire with vast territory beyond modern-day Mali; famous for being ruled by the richest man in history: Mansa Musa.

Decentralization

The distribution of authority and power away from a central authority (usually monarchs in Europe), often leading to local governance.

Feudalism

A social and economic system in medieval Europe and Japan characterized by the exchange of land for military service and loyalty involving the king, lords, knights, and serfs.

Manorial System

An economic system in medieval Europe where the lord of a manor exploited the labor of peasants bound to the land.

Free Labor

Unpaid work conducted by individuals who aren’t enslaved or coerced, often involving peasants working independently or under contractual agreements; common in medieval Europe.

Coerced Labor

A system where workers are tricked into working for pay they never actually receive.

Serfdom

A condition in medieval Europe in which a serf was bound to a plot of land and to the will of his landlord in return for protection and shelter.