UTS

Socrates

Argues that knowing thyself is important. He also points that we are dualistic having a vulnerable body, and a superior soul

Plato

Posited the theory of forms wherein there is an ideal, and physical ones. He also points that there are 3 types of soul

Rational Soul

the soul that decides. It is the mind

Appetitive soul

the soul that seeks to satisfy basic desires, but most of which must be deferred

Spirited Soul

Soul focused on the emotions. It carries out the dictates

Saint Augustine

Man is bifurcated in nature, meaning he has a body that's bound to die, and another that yearns for eternal one.

Freewill

this concept is the reason or justification of St. Augustine as to why we must be responsible of our actions

Rene Descartes

Person behind cogito ergo sum. He is a rationalist, and believes that the body is just an extension of the mind. Meaning thoughts from mind becomes an action because of the extenza that works on it

John Locke

Person behind the concept of tabula rasa. He is an empircist.

Empricism

Learning through experience

David Hume

An empiricist, he believes that ideas must translate to impressions.

Idea

Imaginations of experiences

Impressions

products of direct experiences

Immanuel Kant

Both a rationalist and empricist. He argues that we learn through our senses and also our mind has built in structures that process our experiences

Sigmund Freud

Man behind psychoanalysis, including the concepts of instincts, personality structure, levels of awareness, and psychosexual stages. He believes that irrational forces are strong and that there exist an unconscious mind.

Eros

life sustaining act

Thanatos

destructive forces that can lead us to harm or death

Conscious

level of awareness which pertains to the thoughts that can be retrieved or rememebred at any moment

Preconscious

information that we are not currently aware but can be retrieved easily like stored knowledge.

Unconscious

level of awareness for memories which was involuntarily repressed

Id

according to freud, this is our personality that deals with our pleasure or satisfaction

ego

the middle personality. it plays on the reality principle

Superego

the moral personality. it provides the standards on how we should act

Oral stage

psychosexual stage from birth to 1 yr old. it is present on the infant's desire for nursing, eating

Anal stage

psychosexual stage for ages 1-3 yrs old. this stage is focuses mainly in bladder and bowel satisfaction

Phallic Stage

stage for ages 3-6 years old. tendency for children to prefer either their male/female caregiver. This age is also when they start to learn more of gender differences, includng physical such as their genitalia

Latent period

ages 6-puberty. Time wherein sexual urges are on pause, in exchnage of molding and fosterin social relationship such as friends

Genital Stage

Stage from puberty to death, wherein there is now maturation of sexual desires. This is also wherein a person starts to grow relationship outside their own family

Gilbert Ryle

he denied that idea of a seperate mind and body, cartesian dualism. He further points that the self is simply our behavior, and nothing hidden, nor private.

Paul Churchland and Patricia Churchland

they are husband-wife that believes that the self is a product of brain activity. They stress out the neuroscience, and have pioneered neurophilosophy

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

The self is embodied subjectivity. This idea posits that body is not a physical machine,but a lived one which we use to interact with the world.