Student RDH: Prevention at the Core of Community Oral Health ( terminology, assessments, ADPIE)

Community

A group of individuals who live in a particular geographic area or who share similar interests/needs.

Target population

Identified segment of a population that will receive a comminity health intervention/program (e.g., residents living in a memory care facility)

Needs assessment

A systemic way of identifying the needs, priorities, and resources of a community through data collection.

Population characteristics, resources, and oral diseases

When conducting an assessment for an oral health program for a community, identify conditions and create a community profile that serves as baseline data. These 3 categories should be included:

Population characteristics

What category of an assessment is this? Includes things like race, geographical distribution, education, age, income, etc.

Resources

What category of an assessment is this? Includes things like facilities, funding, policies, labour, etc.

Oral diseases

What category of an assessment is this? This includes things like rate of tooth decay, oral cancer, etc.

Direct observation

This is an assessment method. The best method for detailed assessment unbiased by the subject, but time-consuming and not cost-effective for large groups.

Type I, complete examination

What type of oral health examination is this? Need mouth mirror, explorer, light, radiographs, study models, and tests. Seldom used in a public health setting.

Type II, limited examination

What type of oral health examination is this? Need mouth mirror, explorer, light, bitewings, and selected periapicals.

Type III, inspection (need 3 tools for this type)

What type of oral health examination is this? Need mouth mirror, explorer, and light only. Most used method in public health surveys.

Type IV, screening

What type of oral health examination is this? Need light and tongue depressor only. Too unreliable for public health surveys.

Barriers to care

These are anything that limit an individuals ability to receive dental services. Some examples include: age, language, fear, financial situations, lack of transportation, unavailability of dental providers, attitudes/beliefs.

Normative need, use, and demand

Analysis/Diagnosis is also sometimes called prioritization of needs - identifies the focus of the program and directs resources. What are the 3 components?

Normative need

amount of oral care needed to keep a community healthy

Use

Proportion of a population who receives dental care services in a given period of time.

Demand

Combination of perceived needs and seeking services.

Goal

During the planning stage of ADPIE, you need to formulate goals and objectives. Is this a goal or an objective: general statement that describes the major purpose of the plan (e.g., improve oral home care of children at Orange elementary school)

Objective

During the planning stage of ADPIE, you need to formulate goals and objectives. Is this a goal or an objective: statement that describes specific details to achieve a goal (e.g., children will demonstrate circular motion brushing technique by the end of the program). This should be specific (provides details), measurable (outcomes can be compared), and time-limited (endpoint is stated).

Summative evaluation

This is an evaluation conducted after the program (e.g., final examination)

Formative evaluation

This is an evaluation conducted during the program. This allows the program to be re-evaluated and modified during its progress (e.g., weekly examination)

1. Needs assessment survey

2. Analysis, prioritization of needs

3. Program planning

4. Program implementation

5. Financing

6. Evaluation

In school we learned the process of care as ADPIE, however, the process of care when looking at the steps of community programs, it is condensed into the acronym of SAPIFE. What does this stand for?

1. Examination

2. Diagnosis

3. Treatment planning

4. Treatment implementation

5. Payment

6. Evaluation

In school we learned the process of care as ADPIE, however, the process of care when looking at the steps of private practice, it is condensed into the acronym of EDPIPE. What does this stand for?

Learning ladder

The 6 steps of the "——————— ———————" for health promotion are:

1. Unawareness

2. Awareness

3. Self-interest

4. Involvement

5. Action

6. Habit

The clinician can assess where the patient is standing and create a more customized plan for an effective program

Unawareness

This is a term for when a patient lacks information and/or has incorrect information about a problem

Awareness

patient knows about a problem but does not take actions.

Self-interest

Patient knows about the problem and shows interest in taking action

Involvement

Patient wants more knowledge and wants to participate i

Action

Patient acts to resolve the problem. New behaviours are formed

Habit

This is the step of the learning ladder the patient has reached when their lifestyle has changed.

Health belief model

This model explains how a patients belief leads to a behaviour. Useful to explain and predict a patients actions. The 6 components are: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to action, self-efficacy

Perceived susceptibility

This is a component of the health belief model: if they believe they are susceptible to the condition

Perceived severity

This is a component of the HBM: if they believe that the condition has serious consequences

Perceived benefits

This is a component of the HBM: if they believe taking action would reduce their susceptibility to the condition or its severity

Perceived barriers

This is a component of the HBM: if they believe costs of taking action are outweighed by the benefits

Cue to action

This is a component of the HBM: if they are exposed to factors that prompt action

Self-efficacy

This is a component of the HBM: if they are confident that their ability to successfully perform an action.

Cognitive domain

This is 1 of 3 learning domains. Knowledge, intellectual ability, (e.g., clinician provides brochure with different brushing techniques to be reviewed).

Affective domain

This is 1 of 3 learning domains. Interest, attitude, values (e.g., teacher informs parents of benefits of fluoride).

Psychomotor domain

This is 1 of 3 learning domains. Motor skills, performance e.g., hands-on learning of brushing techniques demonstrated by dental hygienists).

Internal

When patients believe that they have control over their life, which type of locus of control do they have?

External locus of control

When patients believe that their decisions are controlled by environmental factors, such as fate, which type of locus of control do they have?

1. Physiological need

2. safety and security

3. love and belonging

4. self esteem

5. self-actualization

What is the order of the 5 levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Simple

A ————— index measures the presence or absence of a condition (ex. Plaque control record)

Cumulative

A ———————— index measures all evidence of past occurrences (ex. Dental caries)

Irreversible

An ———————— index measures a dental condition that cannot be reversed (ex. Dental caries index)

Reversible

A ——————— index measures a dental condition that can be reversed (ex. Gingival index)

Clarity

One of the criteria of an ideal dental index: The index rules are east to understand by the examiner

Simplicity

One of the criteria of an ideal dental index: the index is easy to apply

Objectivity

One of the criteria of an ideal dental index: the index criteria are not ambiguous

Validity

One of the criteria of an ideal dental index: the index measures what it is intended to measure

Reliability

One of the criteria of an ideal dental index: the index measures consistently Regardless of different conditions and examiners

Quantifiability

the data can be expressed in numbers

Sensitivity

The index detects small changes

Acceptability

The index is not harmful to the subject