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Extra Dural
Injury to the intracranial artery
Lens shape
Lens shape
Sub dural
Venous bleed
Bridging vein
Involves the bridging vein
Subdural hematoma
Not limited by attachment points
Subarachnoid
Type of haemorrhagic stroke
Berry aneurysm
Commonly caused by a berry aneurysm
Thunderclap headache
Thunderclap headache and photophobia is a symptom
Intracerebral Haemorrhage
A type of haemorrhagic stroke
Ischemic Stroke (CVA)
Reduction or loss of blood supply to an area of brain tissue
Embolism or thrombus
Common mechanism of the pathology can be an embolism or thrombus
Thrombolysis
Treatment options are, thrombolysis, thrombectomy and/or antiplatelet or coagulant medication
Haemorrhagic stroke
Can appear as a subarachnoid or intracerebral bleed
Transient ischemic attack
Temporary disruption to the circle of Willis
Hydrocephalus
Condition where CSF accumulates in the brain, patient will have enlarged ventricles
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt)
Typically treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt)
Pulmonary embolism
Symptoms include SOB, pleuritic chest pain, coughing, syncope
CT pulmonary angiogram
Would require a chest x ray, which if clear would then allow for a CT pulmonary angiogram
Aortic dissection
Sudden severe pain across the chest/back, feeling cold and clammy with SOB
CT aortogram
CT aortogram would be used with a chest x ray to aid diagnosis
Aortic aneurysm
Symptoms include a pulsating mass, pain and persistent back pain
EVAR
Can be treated either in an emergency or as a preventative measure using an EVAR or surgical repair
Myocardial infarction
Can be a STEMI or NSTEMI
Troponin
Troponin will be released into the blood as a result of damage to the muscle
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC)
Often performed after a failed ERCP, to place a biliary stent/drain or look for an obstructive cause of jaundice
Nephrostomy
Often performed to drain urine from the renal system due to obstruction
Cholecystitis
Persistent, sharp, sudden right sided abdominal pain
Cardiac Catheter Laboratory
Main source of image capture is fluoroscopy using frames per second
Interventional Radiography
Main source of image capture is fluoroscopy using frames per second
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Excellent at imaging soft tissue structures
Computed Tomography
Quick, accessible, good for trauma imaging
T1 weighted images
Is a type of MRI scan parameter/protocol
T2 weighted images
Is a type of MRI scan parameter/protocol
Arterial CT scan
Type of CT protocol
Portal Venous CT scan
Type of CT protocol
FAST Scanning
Used in trauma and life support imaging to identify free fluid
Mcgrigor -Campbell lines
Visible on the OM and OM30 projections to help with image interpretation
Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC)
Can be called a tripod fracture
Orthopantomogram (OPG)
A dental projection, which shows a broad anatomical region
Intervertebral disc
Fibrocartilaginous structures located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
C1
Atypical vertebrae of the cervical section of the spine
C2
Atypical vertebra of the cervical section of the spine
Thoracic vertebrae
Vertebrae that have articular facets for the ribs
Lumbar vertebrae
Largest vertebral bodies of the vertebral column
Ankylosing Spondylosis
Occurs in patients who are genetically predisposed to HLAB27 gene
DISH - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
It is the term used for the ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament
Obstetric Ultrasound - 12 week scan
Detects the viability and number of fetus'
Curved linear probe
Lower frequency probe
Doppler Ultrasound
Non-invasive test used to measure blood flow through a vessel
Fibroids
Consist of muscular tissue
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Ultrasound can be used to exclude the presence of this pathology
Microbubbles
A type of intravenous contrast agent used in Ultrasound
Fibroadenoma
Benign breast tumour
Mediolateral oblique view
Tube angled to run parallel to the pectoral muscle
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
Calculates the absorption patterns to give an attenuation profile of bone
T score
It is given as a standard deviation
Z score
Compares the patient's bone density to other people in their age group.
Bisphosphonates
It is an anti-restoratives
VQ scan
Diagnoses a pulmonary embolism by elevating air and blood flow in the lungs
Position Emission Tomography (PET)
Intravenous imaging tracer pathway is 18FDG, which binds to glucose
99 technetium (Tc99m)
The daughter or decay product of radioisotope molybdenum 99 (Mo-99)