Overview of Medical Imaging and Stroke Pathologies

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61 Terms

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Extra Dural

Injury to the intracranial artery

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Lens shape

Lens shape

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Sub dural

Venous bleed

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Bridging vein

Involves the bridging vein

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Subdural hematoma

Not limited by attachment points

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Subarachnoid

Type of haemorrhagic stroke​

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Berry aneurysm

Commonly caused by a berry aneurysm

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Thunderclap headache

Thunderclap headache and photophobia is a symptom

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Intracerebral Haemorrhage

A type of haemorrhagic stroke

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Ischemic Stroke (CVA)

Reduction or loss of blood supply to an area of brain tissue

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Embolism or thrombus

Common mechanism of the pathology can be an embolism or thrombus

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Thrombolysis

Treatment options are, thrombolysis, thrombectomy and/or antiplatelet or coagulant medication

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Haemorrhagic stroke

Can appear as a subarachnoid or intracerebral bleed

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Transient ischemic attack

Temporary disruption to the circle of Willis

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Hydrocephalus

Condition where CSF accumulates in the brain, patient will have enlarged ventricles

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Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt)

Typically treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt)

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Pulmonary embolism

Symptoms include SOB, pleuritic chest pain, coughing, syncope

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CT pulmonary angiogram

Would require a chest x ray, which if clear would then allow for a CT pulmonary angiogram

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Aortic dissection

Sudden severe pain across the chest/back, feeling cold and clammy with SOB

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CT aortogram

CT aortogram would be used with a chest x ray to aid diagnosis

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Aortic aneurysm

Symptoms include a pulsating mass, pain and persistent back pain

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EVAR

Can be treated either in an emergency or as a preventative measure using an EVAR or surgical repair

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Myocardial infarction

Can be a STEMI or NSTEMI

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Troponin

Troponin will be released into the blood as a result of damage to the muscle

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Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC)

Often performed after a failed ERCP, to place a biliary stent/drain or look for an obstructive cause of jaundice

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Nephrostomy

Often performed to drain urine from the renal system due to obstruction

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Cholecystitis

Persistent, sharp, sudden right sided abdominal pain

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Cardiac Catheter Laboratory

Main source of image capture is fluoroscopy using frames per second

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Interventional Radiography

Main source of image capture is fluoroscopy using frames per second

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Excellent at imaging soft tissue structures

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Computed Tomography

Quick, accessible, good for trauma imaging

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T1 weighted images

Is a type of MRI scan parameter/protocol

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T2 weighted images

Is a type of MRI scan parameter/protocol

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Arterial CT scan

Type of CT protocol

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Portal Venous CT scan

Type of CT protocol

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FAST Scanning

Used in trauma and life support imaging to identify free fluid

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Mcgrigor -Campbell lines

Visible on the OM and OM30 projections to help with image interpretation

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Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC)

Can be called a tripod fracture

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Orthopantomogram (OPG)

A dental projection, which shows a broad anatomical region

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Intervertebral disc

Fibrocartilaginous structures located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

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C1

Atypical vertebrae of the cervical section of the spine

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C2

Atypical vertebra of the cervical section of the spine

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Thoracic vertebrae

Vertebrae that have articular facets for the ribs

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Lumbar vertebrae

Largest vertebral bodies of the vertebral column

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Ankylosing Spondylosis

Occurs in patients who are genetically predisposed to HLAB27 gene

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DISH - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

It is the term used for the ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament

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Obstetric Ultrasound - 12 week scan

Detects the viability and number of fetus'

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Curved linear probe

Lower frequency probe

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Doppler Ultrasound

Non-invasive test used to measure blood flow through a vessel

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Fibroids

Consist of muscular tissue

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Deep Vein Thrombosis

Ultrasound can be used to exclude the presence of this pathology

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Microbubbles

A type of intravenous contrast agent used in Ultrasound

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Fibroadenoma

Benign breast tumour

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Mediolateral oblique view

Tube angled to run parallel to the pectoral muscle

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Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

Calculates the absorption patterns to give an attenuation profile of bone

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T score

It is given as a standard deviation

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Z score

Compares the patient's bone density to other people in their age group.

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Bisphosphonates

It is an anti-restoratives

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VQ scan

Diagnoses a pulmonary embolism by elevating air and blood flow in the lungs

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Position Emission Tomography (PET)

Intravenous imaging tracer pathway is 18FDG, which binds to glucose

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99 technetium (Tc99m)

The daughter or decay product of radioisotope molybdenum 99 (Mo-99)