Biology Chapter 32: Hormones and the Endocrine System

Endocrine system

A complex system of glands and organs that produce hormones to influence the body’s metabolism, reproduction, growth, and development, as well as aid the organism’s response to stress, injury, and mood

Hormone

Chemical messenger or signaling molecule

Autocrine

The cell produces a hormone that then acts back onto itself to generate a response

Paracrine

The cell produces a hormone that travels to a nearby cell to generate a response

Endocrine

The cell produces a hormone that travels through the bloodstream to get to its target cell in order to generate a response

Lipid derived secretion

Hormone type of secretion in which the hormone diffuses across the membrane

Lipid derived reception

Hormone type of reception in which the hormone passes through the plasma membrane and binds to an internal receptor

Water soluble secretion

Hormone type of secretion in which the hormone leaves the cell via a vacuole

Water soluble reception

Hormone type of reception in which the hormone binds to an external receptor on the plasma membrane

Signal transduction

Hormone binding to the membrane receptor activates an internal molecule which signals a cell action

Secretin

A hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate to neutralize chyme pH

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Hormone secreted by the duodenum which tells the gall bladder to release bile

Insulin

Secreted by beta cells in the pancreatic islets; lowers blood-glucose levels

Glucagon

Hormone secreted by the alpha cells in the pancreatic islets; raises blood-glucose levels

Tropic hormone

Hormone secreted by one gland to cause another gland to secrete a hormone

Short-term stress

Regulated by the adrenal medulla. Includes responses such as flight-or-fight

Long-term stress

Regulated by the adrenal cortex. Includes mental stress, depression, decreased blood pressure, shock, etc