Human Anatomy and Physiology

These flashcards cover the essential concepts and terminology from human anatomy and physiology, focusing on structure, function, and key physiological processes.

What is the study of anatomy?

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, including what it's made of and where everything is located.

What does physiology examine?

Physiology is the study of how body parts work and function together to keep the body alive and healthy.

Define diffusion.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration until evenly spread out.

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

What is mitosis?

Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides to make two identical new cells.

What is the focus of chemistry in anatomy?

Chemistry studies matter, its structure, and how it reacts with other substances.

What are ions?

Ions are atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons, giving them a charge.

What is a molecule?

A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together.

What distinguishes a compound from a molecule?

A compound is a molecule made of two or more different kinds of atoms.

Define energy in the context of human physiology.

Energy is the ability to do work or cause change, essential for movement, growth, and body functions.

What are organic chemicals?

Organic chemicals contain carbon and are usually made by living things, like proteins and fats.

What is hydrotherapy?

Hydrotherapy is the use of water in various forms and temperatures for healing or therapeutic purposes.

What is ATP and its role in the body?

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the body's main energy molecule, storing and releasing energy for cell use.

What is RNA and its function?

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) helps make proteins and carries genetic information from DNA to the cell.

What does DNA stand for and its significance?

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) carries genetic instructions for growth, development, and reproduction.

What are lipids?

Lipids are fats and oils that store energy and help build cell membranes.

What are proteins made of and their primary function?

Proteins are large molecules made of amino acids that build and repair tissues and make enzymes.

What does homeostasis mean?

Homeostasis refers to the internal balance of the body that the body maintains despite external changes.

Differentiate between signs and symptoms of disease.

Symptoms are subjective evidence of disease felt by the patient, while signs are observable indications of disease.

What characterizes inflammation?

Inflammation is a protective tissue response characterized by swelling, redness, heat, and pain.

Explain the significance of stress to the body.

Stress is any psychological or physical situation that causes tension or strain, impacting overall health.

What role does therapeutic massage play in pain management?

Therapeutic massage combines intentional touch and knowledge of anatomy to relieve physical and psychological suffering.

What is the function of the circulatory system?

The circulatory system is responsible for the movement of blood and lymph throughout the body.

Name the four main categories of tissues.

The four main categories of tissues are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

What is the anatomical position?

The anatomical position is standing upright with arms at the side and palms facing forward.

What are the three anatomical planes of the body?

The sagittal (divides left and right), coronal (divides front and back), and transverse (divides upper and lower) planes.