BIOSCI 107 BODY SYSTEMS

Six levels of structural organization

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Chemical Level

atoms combine to form molecules

Cellular Level

cells are made up of molecules

Tissue Level

groups of cells working together for a specific function

Organ Level

Organs are made up of more than 2 different types of tissue to provide a specific function.

Organ system Level

Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely

Organismal level

the human organism is made up of many organ systems

Eleven Systems of the body

Cardiovascular, Digestive, Endocrine, Integumentary, Lymphatic and Immune, Muscular, Nervous, Reproductive, Respiratory, Skeletal, Urinary

Principle Function: Cardiovascular

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Regulation of water content and temperature.

Principle Function: Digestive

Digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and elimination of solid waste.

Principle Function: Endocrine

Releases hormones to regulate body activities.

Principle Function: Integumentary

Protection

Principle Function: Lymphatic and Immune

Defence.

Transport of lipids, proteins and lymphoid cells

Principle Function: Muscular

Movement

Principle Function: Nervous

Produces nerve Impulses to regulate body activities

Principle Function: Reproductive

Production of sperm or oocytes (gametes).

Hormones regulate a number of processes

Principle Function: Respiratory

Transfer of oxygen and carbondioxide between blood and air.

Components: Cardiovascular (3)

heart, blood vessels, blood

Heart (2)

Pumps blood.

Maintains blood pressure

Blood Vessels (3)

Arteries - Away from Heart.

Veins - Towards Heart.

Capillaries - Waste and nutrients exchange between blood and tissues

Blood (5)

Transport of hormones, nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Removes waste products.

Contains immune cells.

Acid base balance - PH balance.

Temperature regulation in body

Components: Digestive (10)

Oral Cavity, Salivary glands, Pharynx, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas and Large Intestine.

What systems is the Pharynx a part of?

Respiratory and Digestive

Oral Cavity (1)

Teeth and tongue break down food into smaller pieces

Salivary Glands (2)

Provide lubricant and buffers.

Contains enzymes that start digestion

Pharynx (1)

Conducts food and liquid into oesaphagus.

Oesaphagus (1)

Conducts food from pharynx to stomach

Stomach (2)

Secretes acid and enzymes for digestion.

Secretes hormones

Small intestine (2)

Secretes digestive enzymes, buffers and hormones.

Most of nutrient absorption

Large Intestine (2)

Most of water absorption.

Stores and removes waste

Pancreas (3)

Secretes and produces digestive enzymes into lumen of small bowl to digest in large bowl.

Contains endocrine cells for glucose regulation.

Secretes buffers

Liver (3)

Produces and secretes bile.

Detoxifies absorbed material.

Regulates the nutrients in blood

Gall Bladder (1)

Stores and concentrates bile. Contracts, squeezing bile into the intestine which helps break up the fat so that it can be absorbed further down the intestine.

Components: Endocrine (9)

Pineal gland, Pituitary gland (hypothalamus), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal glands, Kidneys, Pancreas and Gonads.

Thymus (2)

Location of T-cell maturation.

Is bigger in the child

Pancreas (1)

Glucose homeostasis

Gonads (1)

Secrete sex hormones which control reproduction and sexual characteristics

Which two systems are the pancreas in?

Endocrine and Digestive

Components: Integumentary (3)

Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis.

All part of a cutaneous membrane.

Components: Lymphatic and Immune (6)

Spleen, Thymus, Lymphatic vessels, Lymphatic nodes, Tonsils, Lymphatic fluid.

Components: Muscular (4)

Axial skeletal muscles, Apendicular skeletal muscles, Tendons, Aponeuroses

Components: Nervous (2)

CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Components: Reproductive (13)

Testes, Uterine tubes, Uterus, Mammary glands, Vagina and external genitalia, Ovaries.

Accessory Organs: Epidydimus, Ductus deferens, Seminal Glands, Prostate gland, Urethra.

External genitalia: Penis, Scrotum.

What systems are the Gonads a part of?

Endocrine and Reproductive

What systems are the Mammary glands a part of?

Integumentary and Reproductive

Components: Respiratory (6)

Nasal Cavity and paranasal sinuses, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs and Bronchi.

Components: Urinary (4)

Kidney, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

What systems are kidney a part of?

Endocrine and Urinary

What systems are urethra part of?

Reproductive and Urinary