Ch: 2 - Biological Classification

Class 11

What is biological classification?

Biological classification is the process of grouping organisms based on their similarities and differences to understand their relationships.

What are the five kingdoms in Whittaker’s classification?

The five kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

What are the features of kingdom Monera?

Kingdom Monera consists of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria, which lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

What are Archaebacteria?

Archaebacteria are a type of bacteria found in extreme environments such as hot springs, salt lakes, and deep-sea vents.

What are Eubacteria?

Eubacteria are common bacteria, including species that are found in soil, water, and on living organisms.

What is the mode of nutrition in cyanobacteria?

Cyanobacteria are autotrophic and perform photosynthesis to produce food.

What are the key characteristics of Protista?

Protists are unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that can be autotrophic (like algae) or heterotrophic (like protozoans).

What are protozoans?

Protozoans are unicellular, heterotrophic organisms in kingdom Protista that live in moist environments. Examples include amoeba and paramecium.

What are algae?

Algae are photosynthetic organisms in kingdom Protista that are autotrophic and can be unicellular or multicellular.

What is the body structure of fungi called?

The body of fungi is called mycelium, which is a network of thread-like structures known as hyphae.

What is the mode of nutrition in fungi?

Fungi are heterotrophic and absorb nutrients through external digestion.

what is the characteristic feature of kingdom Plantae?

Plants are multicellular, autotrophic organisms that perform photosynthesis and have a cell wall made of cellulose.

What are the two main groups of plants in kingdom Plantae?

The two main groups are vascular plants (which have xylem and phloem) and non-vascular plants (like bryophytes).

What are the key features of kingdom Animalia?

Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that lack a cell wall and possess specialized sensory and nervous systems.

What are viruses and how do they differ from living organisms?

Viruses are non-living entities that can only replicate inside host cells. They lack the cellular structure necessary for independent metabolism.

What is the body plan of organisms in Phylum Porifera?

Organisms in Phylum Porifera (sponges) have a porous body structure, with no true tissues or organs.

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus and organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

What is the process of binary fission in bacteria?

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in which a bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

What are slime molds?

Slime molds are fungus-like protists that feed on decaying matter and can form spore-producing bodies.

What is the role of fungi in nature?

Fungi act as decomposers in ecosystems, breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients.

What are the differences between fungi and plants?

Fungi are heterotrophic, while plants are autotrophic. Fungi have a cell wall made of chitin, whereas plants have a cell wall made of cellulose.

What are lichens?

Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.

How do protists reproduce?

Protists can reproduce both sexually and asexually, with binary fission being a common asexual method.

What are the two types of nutrition in Protista?

Protists can be autotrophic (like algae) or heterotrophic (like protozoans).