HSCI 210 Midterm 2

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455 Terms

1
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What are the purpose of arteries?

Carry blood away from heart

2
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What is the inner most level of arteries?

Tunica intima

3
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What two layers make up the tunica intima of arteries?

Endothelium and subsendothelial layer

4
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What is the purpose of endothelium?

Doesn’t cause blood to clot

5
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What is endothelium made of?

Simple squamous epithelium

6
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What is the purpose of the subendothelial layer?

Provides some structural support to endothelium

7
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What is the subendothelial layer made up of?

Connective tissue

8
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Where is the location of subendothelial layer?

Immediately adjacent to endothelium

9
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What structure is between tunica intima and tunica media in arteries?

Internal elastic lamina

10
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What is the purpose of external/internal elastic lamina?

Stretch as blood fills artery with increase pressure

11
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What is the internal elastic lamina made of?

Connective tissue

12
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What is the purpose of tunica media in arteries?

Reduce size of artery to have less blood flowing through it potentially increasing blood pressure

13
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What is vasodialiation?

Allows arteries to increase in diameter allowing more blood to flow

14
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What is Vasoconstriction?

Allows smooth muscle to contract

15
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What is the purpose of tunica externa?

Provides hallow space so arteries have their own blood supply and nerves

16
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What is the tunica externa made of?

Loose connective tissue

17
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What are the elastic arteries?

Arteries that are really big

18
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Where are elastic arteries located?

Closest to the heart

19
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What is the purpose of elastic arteries?

Experience highest amounts of blood pressure

20
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What are the three types of arteries

Elastic, muscular, arterioles

21
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What number is higher systole or diastole?

Systole

22
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What number is lower systole or diastole?

Diastole

23
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What is aortic dissection?

Damage to the tunica intima

24
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What happens in a aortic dissection?

Blood slowly directs its way throughout each layer of artery

25
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What is the treatment in aortic dissection?

Insert a stent to repair artery

26
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What are muscular arteries?

Contain blood flow to entire organs and limbs

27
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Why do muscular organs have really thick tunica media?

To give lots of control

28
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What are arterioles?

Control blood flow into capillary beds

29
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What are the smallest arteries?

Arterioles

30
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What are the biggest arteries?

Elastic arteries

31
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What are the purpose of capillaries?

Get things that are in blood out and take things outside the blood and bring the into blood

32
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What type of walls do capillaries have?

Thin walls

33
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How many blood cells can fit into capillaries?

1

34
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What type of epithelium is capillaries made of?

Simple squamous

35
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What are intercellular clefts?

Little doors that open or close to either let more stuff leak out of capillaries

36
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What happens to capillaries when you are sick?

More leaky

37
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What is pulmonary edema?

collection of fluid within the lungs from overly leaky capillaries

38
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What is a treatment of pulmonary edema?

Pumping diuretics

39
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Why does pumping diuretics work?

Removes plasma or fluid component from blood causing to drag blood pressure down

40
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What are the purpose of veins?

Carry blood towards heart

41
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What structure do arteries have but not veins?

Internal/externa elastic lamina

42
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What is the purpose of the tunica intima in veins?

Serves as a valve

43
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Why do veins have valves?

Blood inside veins have small pressure that blood doesn’t flow sometimes

44
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What are the purpose of the valves in vein?

Allows blood to flow toward the heart — one way

45
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What is the purpose of the tunica media in veins?

Less smooth muscle to constrict vessel

46
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What is the purpose of the tunica externa in veins?

Helps provide nutrition for tunica media

47
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What is the tunica externa of veins made of?

loose connective tissue

48
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What are varicose veins?

Cosmetic issue — causes veins to appear larger than normal due to blood moving backwards

49
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What causes varicose veins?

Tiny valves start to malfunction and unable to close causing blood to move backwards

50
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What is the treatment of varicose veins?

Inject something that kills the vein or burn the vein

51
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What are the two types of veins?

Veins and Venules

52
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What type of muscle do veins go close to?

Skeletal muscle

53
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Which are bigger veins or venules?

Veins

54
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What are venucles?

Receive blood from capillary beds

55
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Do lungs respond well to transplants?

No

56
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Which lung is bigger right or left?

Right

57
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Which lung is smaller right or left?

Left

58
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How many lobes does the right lung have?

3

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How many lobes does the left lung have?

2

60
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What separates each lobe of the lungs?

Fissures

61
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What is the purpose of the trachea?

Brings air from mouth to throat to lungs

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What is the purpose of bronchus?

Carries air in and out of lungs

63
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What does the lungs rub up against when contracting?

Heart, ribs and each other

64
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What is a pleura?

Serious member and that surrounds the lung

65
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What surrounds the lung?

Pleura

66
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What is the outermost layer of the lung?

Parietal pleura

67
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What is the inner layer of the lung?

Visceral pleura

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What is between the parietal and visceral pleura?

Pleural cavity

69
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What is the purpose of the pleural cavity?

Keeps the lung from collapsing

70
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What is in the pleural cavity?

Serous fluid

71
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What type of epithelium are in the lungs?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

72
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What does the epithelium in the lungs secrete?

serous fluid

73
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What does the serious fluid provide?

Lubrication for lungs as they change size when breathing

74
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What are alveolus?

Tiny bags or sacks inside lungs where gas exchange occurs

75
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Where does gas exchange occur?

Alveolus

76
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What are alveolus surrounded by?

Capillaries

77
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Why are alveolus near capillaries?

So gas exchange occurs

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What gas goes into blood from alveolus?

Oxygen

79
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What gas moves out of blood into alveolus?

Carbon dioxide

80
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What type of diffusion is oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from blood?

Active

81
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What is the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide driven by?

Concentration gradient

82
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What are alveolar sac?

Collection of many different alveoli stuck together

83
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How many types of alveolus cells are?

2

84
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What are the name of the two alveolus cells?

Type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells

85
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What are type 1 alveolar cells made of?

Simple squamous epithelium

86
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Why are type 1 alveolar cells thin?

Have oxygen diffuse in and out of alveolus

87
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What is the basement membrane of alveolus shared with?

Capillaries

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What is the purpose of type 2 alveolar cells?

Secrete surfactant

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What do type 2 alveolar cells secrete?

Surfactant

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What is surfactant?

Breaks down molecular attraction of water molecules

91
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What are macrophages?

Specialized type of white blood cells that live inside tissue

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What do macrophages do?

Try to kill or eat something bad that we breathe in

93
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Is there airways connected to each alveolus?

No

94
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What are connected to alveolar sacs?

Airways

95
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What are inside alveoli?

Water

96
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What has a higher concentration of oxygen?

Lungs

97
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What happens when there is a lower concentration of oxygen in blood?

Diffuse oxygen from alveolus into blood

98
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What is pneumonia?

Symptom, amount of fluid inside the alveolus increase to the point to where there’s basically standing water

99
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What causes pneumonia?

Process of many different diseases create fluid inside alveoli

100
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What happens when there is water surrounding alveoli?

No diffusion