AP Bio Unit 1: Chemistry of Life (Old)

studied byStudied by 13 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Electronegative

1 / 39

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Do not use

40 Terms

1

Electronegative

Oxygen is slightly ______

New cards
2

Hydrogen Bond

A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an attraction between differently charged molecules.

New cards
3

Valence Electrons

The outer electrons of an atom

New cards
4

Cohesion

Attraction between a molecule and molecules of the same type

New cards
5

Adhesion

Attraction between a molecule and different molecules

New cards
6

Greater

In water molecules, cohesion is [Greater/Weaker] than adhesion

New cards
7

Surface Tension

Water has this property due to it having more adhesion than cohesion

New cards
8

Solvent

Water is a good _____ due to its polarity

It is able to dissolve other substances

New cards
9

Polar

Molecules like water that have slight charges on different areas depending on the atom

New cards
10

Nonpolar

Molecules like ethane that do not have a charge

New cards
11

Hydrophobic

No attraction to water

New cards
12

Hydrophylic

“Water loving”— attraction to water

New cards
13

Macromolecules

Very large molecules essential for biological processes

New cards
14

CHO

Elements that compose carbohydrates

New cards
15

Carbohydrate

Represented as long chains or ring structures, this macromolecule is a major fuel and building material

<p>Represented as long chains or ring structures, this macromolecule is a major fuel and building material</p>
New cards
16

Monossacharide

The smallest form of a carbohydrate

New cards
17

CHONS

Elements that compose proteins

New cards
18

Protein

This macromolecule is composed of amino acid linkages called peptides

<p>This macromolecule is composed of amino acid linkages called peptides</p>
New cards
19

Primary Structure

Sequence of a chain of amino acids

<p>Sequence of a chain of amino acids</p><p></p>
New cards
20

Secondary Structure

Hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone: fold into a repeating pattern (alpha helix or pleated sheets)

<p> Hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone: fold into a repeating pattern (alpha helix or pleated sheets)</p>
New cards
21

Tertiary Structure

Three-Dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to sidechain reactions

<p>Three-Dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to sidechain reactions</p>
New cards
22

Quaternary Structure

Proteins of more than one amino acid chain

<p>Proteins of more than one amino acid chain</p>
New cards
23

Lipid

This nonpolar macromolecule is a fat composed of long chains of hydrocarbons. It is energy rich

<p>This nonpolar macromolecule is a fat composed of long chains of hydrocarbons. It is energy rich</p>
New cards
24

Covalent

This is the type of Bond lipids form when they join and release H2O

New cards
25

Saturated

When a fatty acid is [saturated/unsaturated], it only has single bonds so it can pack closer together

New cards
26

Unsaturated

When a fatty acid is [saturated/unsaturated], it has double bonds which change the direction of the molecule, preventing it from being able to pack closely together

New cards
27

Nucleotides

Thousands of linked monomers that make up a nucleic acid

New cards
28

CHO

Elements that compose lipids

New cards
29

CHONP

Elements that compose nucleic acids

New cards
30

Nucleic Acid

This type of macromolecule directs the formation of proteins and stores and transfers information. It is made of many linked nucleotides. DNA, RNA

New cards
31

Ribose

A type of simple sugar

New cards
32

Deoxyribose

Simple sugar w/out hydroxyl group

New cards
33

Enzyme

A biological catalyst → lowers the amount of energy needed for a reaction

New cards
34

Substrate

The thing that enters the enzyme

New cards
35

Active Site

The place on an enzyme that takes in a substrate

New cards
36

Product

When an enzyme completes its process on a substrate, this is the result

New cards
37

Catalysis

Acceleration of a chemical reaction (by an enzyme)

New cards
38

Competitive Inhibition

Another molecule competes with the substrate for the active site

New cards
39

Noncompetitive Inhibition

An inhibitor binds to another site and closes the active site

New cards
40

Allosteric Enzymes

Enzymes that change shape in response to another molecule

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 27 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 67 people
... ago
5.0(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 24370 people
... ago
4.8(116)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (73)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (95)
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (68)
studied byStudied by 28 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (106)
studied byStudied by 17 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (50)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot