urinary and reproductive study guide

renin

which enzyme helps regulate blood pressure

kidneys

which organs in urinary system make urine

renal capsule

the kidney is covered by an outer coverung called

nephrons

the renal cortex house which urine producing structures

adipose capsule

the kidney is surrounded by a capsule of fat that holds it in placed called

collecting ducts

the renal medulla house which urine carrying structures

calyces

extension of the renal pelvis

renal artery

the name of thevessel that supplies the kidneys with their blood supply

ureter

the name of the vessel that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

glomerulus

knot of cappilaries in nephron

bowmans capsule

what area of the renale tubule surrounds the glomerulus

glomerulus

which area of the nephron is responsuble for filtration

proximal convulated tube, loop of henle, distal convulated tube

3 lengths of renal tubule after bowmans capsule

renal tubules

which area is mainly responsible for the reabsorption and secretory function sof urine production

filtration reabsorption secretion

3 stages of urine productions

filtration

removal of substances from blood due to diffusuon and high pressure

reabsorption

returning water and other needed substances from the water to the renal tubule

secretion

substances that need an active transport to leave the blood system and enter the urine stream occur in what

ADH

pituaitary releases this hormone to regulate water loss

aldosterone

renin is an enzyme that causes the adrenals to produce this hormone to control blood volume

micturination

emptying bladder

urethra

thin walled tube that carries urine from urinary bladder to exterior of body

trigone

what descries the space from each ureter orifice to each other and the urethral orifice

1500/1800 ml/day

averge amount of urine produced everyday

45 minutes

approx how many mins does it take to clean your entire blood

due to crowding

why is the right kidney lower than left

afferent

name of arteriorle leading INTO glomerulus

UTIs

what type of infections do females get more than men

kidney failure

repeated infections to the kidney physical trauma chemical posiong or inadquete blood supply causes:

dialysis machine

when one experiences renal failures they are hooked up to what machine for treatment

incontinence

inablity to control urine due to involuntary sphincter tipped uterus or before age of 2

sweat

besides urine what us a way the body outputs fluid everyday

testis

main male reproductive organ

sperm and testosterone

testies produce what 2 things

high body temperature

why is is that sperm cannot be produced in the body cavity

seminiferous tubules

what structure in testes actually produces sperm

interstitial cells

what structures in the testes produce the testosterone

epididymis

comma shaped organ that curves tests and matures sperm

spermatogenesis

technical term for sperm production

acrosome

what is the name of the “helmet” on a sperm

secondary sex characterisitics

deepening of voice increased hair growth an enlargement of skeletal muscles

ductus deferns

what structure runs upward from the epidymis and over urinary bladder

prostatic urethra

which part of the urethra is surrounded by the prostate gland

ejaculatory duct

the end of the ducuts deferens empties into

semen

milky sticky mix of sperm and accesory gland secretions

seminal vesicle

which gland produce about 60% of fluid volume of semen and is rich in sugar and vitamin C

prostate gland

which gland secretes a milky alkaline fluid that helps to buffer the acid of the vagina

cowpers gland

another name of bulbourethral gland

bulbourethral gland

pea-sized glands that produced thick mucus and cleans urethra

scrotum

testes enclosed in

spermatic cord

the ductus defernsand blood vessels and nerves are enclosed in

penis

organ that delivers sperm into female tract

glans penis

tip of the penis

prepuce

foreskin of penis head

circumsicion

procedure to remove foreskin

erectile tissue

3 spongy tissue areas that become engorged with blood during sexual excitement

urethra 1

organ that shares jobs from the urinary ad reproductive system in males

64-72 days

how long does it take to make the average male spermatid

gubarnaculum

organ of male pig that guides testes into scrotal sac

inguinal canal

name of the canal that connects body cavity to the scrotal sac

ovary

primary female reproductive organ

eggs, estrogen, progesterone

3 things that the ovaries produce

follicle

capsule in which eggs mature is called

oocyte

an immature egg is called what

ovulation

woman releasing egg around day 14 iswhat process

follicle cells

what specifically in an ovary produces estrogen

corpus luteum

what specifically in an ovary produces progesterone

estrogen

which hormone causes secondary sexual characeristics in women

corpus luteum

ruptured follicle turns into:

fimbriae

what structures create a current to recieve an ovulated egg

fallopian tube

the structure in which should fertilization occur

fundus, body, cervix

3 parts of uterus

peri, myo, endo - metrium

3 layers of uterus

endometrium

which layer of the uterus wall is sloughed off in the menstrual cycle

myometrium

which layer in uterus is mainly muscular

uterus

what is the female organ that recieves and nourishes the fertilized egg

3-4 inches

how long is average vagina AND each fallopian tube

cervical cancer

yearly pap smear cancer

ovarian cancer

hard to detect, rare, and can be fetal cancer

uterine cancer

diagnosed by excessive bleeding

vaginal canal or vagina

another name for birth canal

hymen

closes vagina

clitoris

similar to male penis

cervix

what structure must dilate before birth can occur

labia majora and minora

what are the female skin folds in external female genitilia

vulva

another name for external genititalia of a women enclosed by the labia

areola

pigmented area on female mammary gland

menstrual cycle

what are the cyclic changes of the endometriym of the uterus each go through each month

proliferative phase

during which stage of the menstrual cycle does estrogen cause the endometrium to rebuild itself

secretory phase

in which stage does progesterone take over and the endometrium secretes hormones from glands

greater vestibular

what glands in the female produces a mucus that acts as lube during intercourse

3-5 days

how long does average spermatid live in the female body

24-48 hours

how long does an average mature egg secrete the locating hormone and remain viable

72 hours

super sperm can live for:

fertilization

when sperm and egg meet this process occurs

zygote

fertilized egg

blastocyst

hollow ball of cells (100)

gastrulations

when 3 germ layers arise what process is this

chorionic villi

the projections of the chorion that meet the uterus to form the placenta

umbilical cord

structure that connects the placenta to the fetus