Key terms for test:

How did military strategies during the Civil War alter civilian life?

The military strategies employed targeted not only enemy combatants but also infrastructure and resources.

What was a significant political outcome of the Civil War?

The abolition of slavery, fundamentally reshaping societal structures and labor dynamics in the South.

How did the Civil War impact industrial growth in the North?

The war stimulated industrial growth in the North while the South faced devastation.

What did Jacksonian Democracy emphasize?

It emphasized greater rights and political participation for the common man.

What was one goal of Jacksonian Democracy?

To expand voting rights to a broader segment of the population.

What did Jacksonian Democracy stress about government?

It stressed the importance of the average citizen's voice in government.

What political party rose during the Jacksonian era?

The Democratic Party.

What is the spoils system?

A practice where government jobs are awarded to political supporters instead of being filled based on merit.

What was one consequence of the spoils system?

It fostered a culture of patronage and led to widespread corruption.

What caused the Bank Wars?

Political battles over the Second Bank of the United States and its role in the economy.

How did President Jackson oppose the Second Bank?

He view it as a symbol of corruption and vetoed its recharter.

What did Jackson do to federal deposits after vetoing the bank's recharter?

He ordered the withdrawal of federal deposits from the Second Bank and redistributed them to 'pet banks'.

What economic consequences followed the end of the Second Bank?

It contributed to a lack of centralized banking oversight, leading to speculation and risky financial practices.

What triggered the Panic of 1837?

Rampant speculation in land, destabilizing economic policies, and the failure of major financial institutions.

What was a social consequence of the Panic of 1837?

Increased poverty and widespread unemployment.

What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830 aimed at?

Relocating Native American tribes to designated 'Indian Territory' west of the Mississippi River.

What tragic event is associated with the Indian Removal Act?

The Trail of Tears, involving the forced removal of the Cherokee Nation.

How did the Indian Removal Act impact Native American tribes?

It resulted in cultural dislocation and significant suffering among tribes.

What were the key Supreme Court cases related to the Indian Removal Act?

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia.

What was the Corrupt Bargain associated with?

The 1824 presidential election where John Quincy Adams was accused of making a deal with Henry Clay.

Who was known as the 'Great Compromiser'?

Henry Clay.

What was the Tariff of Abominations?

A protective tariff of 1828 that raised duties on imported goods, favored by the North.

What were the political consequences of the Tariff of Abominations?

Intensified regional tensions and contributed to the Nullification Crisis.

What significant political confrontation took place in the 1830s regarding tariffs?

The Nullification Crisis between South Carolina and the federal government.

What did South Carolina declare regarding the Tariff of 1828?

They declared it unconstitutional and refused to enforce it.

Who initiated the Whig Party?

A coalition of former Democratic-Republicans and others opposed to President Jackson.

What was one major criticism of Andrew Jackson's presidency by the Whigs?

His use of executive power and the spoils system.

What did the Wilmot Proviso aim to achieve?

Banning slavery in territory acquired from Mexico after the Mexican War.

What principle allowed residents of territories to decide on slavery?

Popular sovereignty.

What was the Mexican War's impact on U.S. territory?

It resulted in significant territorial gains for the U.S. and intensified debates over slavery.

What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo accomplish?

It ended the Mexican War and ceded vast territories to the U.S.

What was the American perspective on Manifest Destiny?

The belief that American expansion across the continent was justified and inevitable.

What was the role of the Underground Railroad?

A network aiding enslaved African Americans in escaping to free states.

What was the significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'?

It galvanized anti-slavery sentiment in the North.

What did John Brown aim to achieve with his raid on Harper's Ferry?

He aimed to initiate a slave revolt.

What does 'Bleeding Kansas' refer to?

The violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in Kansas.

What was the Dred Scott decision's main ruling?

African Americans could not be citizens and Congress could not regulate slavery in territories.

Who emerged as a key presidential candidate from the Republican Party in 1860?

Abraham Lincoln.

What major event escalated both social and political tensions leading to the Civil War?

The election of 1860.

What advantages did the North have at the start of the Civil War?

Industrial capacity, extensive railroads, and a larger population.

What advantage did the South have during the Civil War?

Experienced military leadership and knowledge of the terrain.

What marked the beginning of the Civil War?

The first shots fired at Fort Sumter.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation aim to do?

Free slaves in the Confederate states.

What was Sherman’s March to the Sea?

A campaign aimed at destroying Southern infrastructure and morale.

What was the Anaconda Plan?

The Union's strategy to blockade Southern ports and control the Mississippi River.

What did Lincoln emphasize in his inaugural addresses?

Unity and the preservation of the Union.

How did the Civil War bring significant social changes?

The abolition of slavery transformed societal structures in the South.

What cultural shift occurred as a result of the Civil War?

A sense of national identity and purpose regarding civil rights and citizenship.

What amendments were passed following the Civil War?

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.

How did economic life change in the North after the Civil War?

Accelerated industrialization due to demand for war materials.

What was the long-term impact of the Civil War on American culture?

Significant discussions about equality, governance, and civil liberties.