Key Concepts in Democracy and Political Institutions

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to democracy and political institutions, providing definitions for a better understanding of the subject.

Democracy

A system of government in which the citizens exercise power by voting.

Participation

The involvement of citizens in the political process, including voting and engaging in discussions.

Vertical Accountability

The mechanism in democracy that involves direct engagement of the people in decision-making processes.

Horizontal Accountability

The distribution of power among different branches of government to prevent concentration of authority.

Liberal Democracy

A form of democracy that emphasizes individual freedoms and rights while protecting against tyranny.

Institutions

Rules and arrangements, both formal and informal, that shape human interactions and governance.

Formal Institutions

Officially sanctioned rules and regulations, typically documented, that govern behavior.

Informal Institutions

Socially shared norms and conventions that are unwritten and enforced outside official channels.

Rights and Liberties

Fundamental freedoms recognized in a democratic society, crucial for protecting individual interests.

Elected Officials

Representatives chosen by the citizenry to hold leadership positions within the government.

Free and Fair Elections

Elections that are conducted impartially, allowing citizens to choose their representatives without manipulation.

Alternative Sources of Information

Various outlets that provide different perspectives, essential for an informed citizenry.

Associational Autonomy

The freedom of citizens to create and join groups and organizations without interference.

Inclusive Citizenship

A framework that ensures all individuals have equal access and rights within a democratic society.

Botswana's Democracy

A case study illustrating the establishment and resilience of democratic practices after independence.

Authoritarianism

A political system characterized by the concentration of power in a single authority, limiting individual freedoms.

Civil Liberties

Personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot arbitrarily interfere with, crucial to democracy.