mitochondria, chloroplasts and ribosomes

what is the structure of the mitochondria

they have a double membrane- inner forms cristae creating inner matrix

what does the matrix contain

DNA, enzymes and ribosomes

what does the inter membrane space contain

high concentration of ions and Cytochrome c

what is Cytochrome c involved in

repiration and appoptosis (programed cell death)

where is ATP produced

in the inner membrane

what is the first stem in the production of ATP

acytl co a that comes from food, activates an electron carrier - NADH, FADH

what happens to the electron carriers

electron is removed that traves through the electron transport chain

describe the electron transfur chain

4 complex proteins (3 of which are pumps) a hydride ion from NADH converted 1 proton and 2 electrons, electrons move through the complex

what does the movement of the electrons through the electron transfur chain do

provides energy for the active transport of H+ ions into the membrane

what does the movement of H+ ions do

creates an electrochemical gradient so the H+ ions diffuse back out via the ATPsynthase

what happens then the H+ diffuse back in

they pass throught the ATP synthase causing the motor to rotate

why is a large surface area important in mitochondria

allowes more space for atp synthats so atp can be created faster

what is the structure of the chloroplast

inner and outer membrane like mitrochondria, inner membrane creates thackloids that stack to form granum

how permeable are the chloroplast membranes

outer- highly permeable, inner- not permeable at all

where in the chloroplast is the chlorophyll located

in the thylakoid

whats are the stages in photosynthesis

light dependant reaction, light independent reaction

what happens in the light dependant reaction

light splits water into o2 and electron thats high energy and will move down the proton chain generating energy to pump protons- generating a gradient

what happens in the light independent reaction

carbon fixation- impermeable membrane keeps NAD and NADPH. ATP +NADPH + co2 . key enzyme rubisco

what is the role of ribosomes

the site of protien synthesis

what are ribosomes made of

mRNA and protiens - so classifies as an enzyme

what are the parts of a ribosome

a large subunit ans small subunit - made of diffrent lenghts or RNA

how do ribosomes complete their function

they have 1 binding sites for mRNA and 3 for tRNA, the tRNA brins the amino acid and the ribosome creates a peptide bond