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accounts for what different tone of music sound like
dynamics, timbre, music instruments
crescendo
gradually gets louder
decrescendo
gradually gets softer
terraced dynamics
sudden change in volume
decibels
way of measuring amplitude of a tone
acoustic
unamplified instrument
electric
amplified instrument
ensembles
music groups
sprectrograms
computer generated images that visually represent frequencies
partial
the many pitch components of a tone
tone has 2 types of partials
fundamental pitch and overtones/harmonics
fundamental pitch
louder than harmonics
harmonics
overtones, or partials, of a tone
merge with fundamental pitch to generate tone’s timbre
didgeridoo
aboriginal australian aerophone
constructed from a termite-hollowed eucalyptus branch
circular breathing
breathing in through nose and out through mouth at the same time
music instrument
sound-generating medium used to produce tones in the making of music
instrumentation
types of instruments and number of each in a musical work
western instrument classification system
strings, winds, percussion
Hornbostel-Sachs classification system
chordophones, aerophones, membranophones, idiophones
chordophones
sound created by vibration of string(s)
aerophones
air passing through a tube or some other kind of resonator
membranophones
vibration of a membrane stretched across a frame resonator
idiophones
vibration of body of instrument itself
compound instruments
consists of a number of separate instruments conceived of as a single instrument (ie. drumset)
drum set
compound instrument consisting of combo of membranophones and idiophones
common in rock, jazz, and many types of world music
electronophones
instruments that rely on electronic sound generation/modification
pure electronophone
electronic needed to generate sound and amplify
hybrid electronophone
can function without need of electronic, but can be further amplifies with use of
sound generators
used to produce sound
sound modifiers
used to alter and enhance sounds
digital sampling
any existing sound can be recorded and stored as digital data, then reproduced verbatim or electronically manipulated
electroacoustic
combo of purely acoustic and purely electronic
digital synthesis
create electronic sounds from scratch
effect devices
transform tones through addition of features
acoustical spaces
physical environments in which music performances take place
multitrack recording
technology that makes it possible to layer separate musical tracks on top of each other
overdubbing
separately recording and then combining multiple tracks using multitrack recording
dynamic range
range of volume between softest and loudest tones
