MUS 11 CH 5

accounts for what different tone of music sound like

dynamics, timbre, music instruments

crescendo

gradually gets louder

decrescendo

gradually gets softer

terraced dynamics

sudden change in volume

decibels

way of measuring amplitude of a tone

acoustic

unamplified instrument

electric

amplified instrument

ensembles

music groups

sprectrograms

computer generated images that visually represent frequencies

partial

the many pitch components of a tone

tone has 2 types of partials

fundamental pitch and overtones/harmonics

fundamental pitch

louder than harmonics

harmonics

overtones, or partials, of a tone

merge with fundamental pitch to generate tone’s timbre

didgeridoo

aboriginal australian aerophone

constructed from a termite-hollowed eucalyptus branch

circular breathing

breathing in through nose and out through mouth at the same time

music instrument

sound-generating medium used to produce tones in the making of music

instrumentation

types of instruments and number of each in a musical work

western instrument classification system

strings, winds, percussion

Hornbostel-Sachs classification system

chordophones, aerophones, membranophones, idiophones

chordophones

sound created by vibration of string(s)

aerophones

air passing through a tube or some other kind of resonator

membranophones

vibration of a membrane stretched across a frame resonator

idiophones

vibration of body of instrument itself

compound instruments

consists of a number of separate instruments conceived of as a single instrument (ie. drumset)

drum set

compound instrument consisting of combo of membranophones and idiophones

common in rock, jazz, and many types of world music

electronophones

instruments that rely on electronic sound generation/modification

pure electronophone

electronic needed to generate sound and amplify

hybrid electronophone

can function without need of electronic, but can be further amplifies with use of

sound generators

used to produce sound

sound modifiers

used to alter and enhance sounds

digital sampling

any existing sound can be recorded and stored as digital data, then reproduced verbatim or electronically manipulated

electroacoustic

combo of purely acoustic and purely electronic

digital synthesis

create electronic sounds from scratch

effect devices

transform tones through addition of features

acoustical spaces

physical environments in which music performances take place

multitrack recording

technology that makes it possible to layer separate musical tracks on top of each other

overdubbing

separately recording and then combining multiple tracks using multitrack recording

dynamic range

range of volume between softest and loudest tones