KINES 203 - L09: The Urinary System

function of the kidney

to form urine

function of the ureters

to transport urine

function of the bladder

to store the urine

function of the urethra

to excrete the urine

what enzyme functions to raise blood pressure and is released by the kidneys

renin

what enzyme functions to stimulate RBC production and is released by the kidneys

erythropoietin (EPO)

whats another name for the adrenal glands

suprarenal glands

glands that function to produce hormones which regulate:

• metabolism

• blood pressure

• stress response

• immune system response

adernal glands

what causes urine to leave the urinary bladder when it becomes full

smooth muscle contraction

medical term for urinating and some of that is voluntary

micturition

medications that block renin before it converts to angiotensin

• helps to lower blood pressure

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE)

how do the kidneys receive their blood supply

the abdominal aorta

• renal arteries

inferior vena cava

• renal vein

the outer region of the kidney

the renal cortex

the inner region of the kidney

renal medulla

what is contained within the renal medulla

renal pyramids

what surrounds the renal cortex

renal capsule

what system functions to collect urine from the renal pyramids

renal calyx

where does the calyx’s dump

renal pelvis

functions to push urine into the ureter where its transported to the bladder

renal pelvis

functional unit of the kidney, filters waste from the blood and put the filtered blood back into circulation by tubular reabsorption

nephrons

where does the renal artery take blood

Bowman’s capsule

where does the Bowman’s capsule take blood

the glomerulus

how is urine created

blood pressure forces blood into the nephron which separates fluids

what is the fluid separated by the nephron called

• most made of urea (main waste), water, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and waste products

glomerular filtrate

what process puts everything not excreted back into the body

• such as water

tubular reabsorption

what regulates the blood pH and promotes reabsorption of water

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

medication that helps the body eliminate excess fluid

diuretics

which urinary sphincter is involuntary

upper/internal

which urinary sphincter is voluntary

lower/external

what does the root reno

kidney

what does the root nephro mean

kidney

what does the root glomerulo mean

glomerulus

what does the root pyelo mean

renal pelvis

what does the root calio mean

calyx

what does the root uro mean

urine, urinary tract

what does the root urino mean

urine

what does the root uretero mean

ureter

what does the root cysto mean

bladder

what does the root vesico mean

urinary bladder

what does the root urethro mean

urethra

pus-containing bacteria (bacteriuria) in urine​ (This appears cloudy in a urine sample)

pyuria

pain or burning with urination

dysuria

what is a bladder infection which means the infection is sitting higher up in the urinary tract

cystitis

what is inflammation or infection inside the kidney

pyelonephritis

what is infections in the urinary tract

urethritis

what is a deep kidney infection of the glomeruli

glomerulonephritis

what is leaky urine because there's so much inflammation that even though the kidneys are making urine, it just dripping out, instead of a normal flow)

oliguria

blood in the urine

hematuria

protein in the urine

proteinuria

what occurs in renal failure

the nephrons start to die off

process where arteries and veins are hooked up to a machine that filters the blood

hemodialysis

a type of dialysis that a patient does at home during the day

Continuous Ambulatory Dialysis (CIPD)

a type of dialysis that's done, usually at night. While the patient is sleeping this type of dialysis is used rather than entering through an artery in the arm. This treatment injects fluid into the abdomen and removes all of the waste products directly from the abdomen and from the kidneys

Continuous Cyclic Dialysis (CCPD)

the medical name for a stone in the urinary system

urinary lithiasis

the medical term for pain from a kidney stone obstruction

renal colic

an obstruction (usually from a stone) blocking the flow of urine causing the collection of urine to get backed up in the renal pelvis.

hydronephrosis

a machine placed over the lumbar region that vibrates to mechanically break-up kidney stones into smaller pieces so they can pass

lithotripsy

a invasive surgical procedure to remove kidney stones

lithotomy

surgical removal of the bladder

cystectomy

the most common diagnostic test used to diagnose urinary disorders (via peeing into a cup)

urinalysis

what term refers to when urine is cloudy with pus in it

turbid