Nation States and imperialism (FINAL) (prof. Moody)

Crimean War:

a conflict between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia-Piedmont end of the “concert of Europe”

Nationalism

Drive to unify based on ethnicity, language, culture

Political Ideologies

Liberalism and Conservatism

Unification of Italy Key Figures:

Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour, King Victor Emmanuel

transformismo

became the normal way of conducting parliamentary business

Key Figures in unification of Germany

Bismarck, Kaiser Wilhelm (I & II)

Kleindeutsch Solution

Excluding Austria

Austria

1st nation with welfare, pensions

France: Louis-Napoleon ->

Napoleon III

plebiscite

The direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in the constitution.

When did Germans take over France?

1870

Third Republic

a parliamentary government that lasted from 1870 to 1940. It was established after the Second French Empire fell during the Franco-Prussian War.

Emile Zola

author who wrote "J'accuse"

Austria-Hungary:

Ausgleich (1867) -> Dual Monarchy

England notable people:

Benjamin Disraeli (Jews elected) William Gladstone (Prime Minister)

Russia: Nicholas & Alexandra,

controlled by Rasputin due to son's hemophilia

Bolsheviks vs. Mensheviks

Red = Bolsheviks, White = Mensheviks

Vladimir Lenin's role

The founder and leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin led the October Revolution which established the world's first socialist state.

Sergei Witte:

Industrialization in Russia