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Prompt 1. Some people say that developed countries should be the major force to curb global issues such as pollution, global warming or pandemic. Discuss the statement and give your opinion Prompt 2: Many people think that donating money is the most beneficial for those in need. However, others argue that it is better to participate in charity organizations. Prompt 3: “No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study.” To what extent do you agree with the statement? Give specific examples to support your answer. Some people view conflict between teenagers and parents as a necessary part of growing up, while others view it as something negative which should be avoided. Discuss the statement and give your opinion.

SOCIOCULTURAL pressures often lead to emotional ___ of vulnerable depressed individuals, discouraging them from seeking help and relief.

emotional invalidation. = when someone rejects, judges, or dismisses your feelings.

random

functional / impaired impairment = suy giảm khả năng hoạt động / decline in functioning

complicate the assumption that = make it less straightforward or less convincing by introducing something that challenges it: Evidence of widespread cheating complicates the assumption that students perform better when given greater academic freedom. → The evidence introduces something that makes that assumption harder to maintain.

“___ constraints limiting the scalability of alternative solutions” = practical difficulties that prevent an alternative solution from being implemented on a larger scale.

logistical = “Can we actually make this work in practice?” → thuộc về khâu tổ chức/vận hành thực tế, hậu cần

Dẫn vào pollution.

With a simple Internet search, one may be bombarded with aerial footage of the Great Pacific garbage patch, a floating mass of marine debris that has threatened the well-being and existence of many creatures including man. As alarming as the situation is, controversy remains concerning

why developed nations are overwhelming to blame for certain global catatrosphes.

Western countries contribute to soaring pollution levels by burning fossil fuels and emitting greenhouse gases disproportionately into the environment → drive the planet toward serious ecological disasters.

why is it sound that developed countries take the lead in handling global issues.

cuz they generally possess more capabilities: many first-world nations enjoy the privilege of sustainable economies and modern technological advances → have the financial and technical availability to deal with pressing issues more effectively.

can you demonstrate how first-world nations are better equipped to deal with pressing issues than their less-developed counterparts ?

first-world countries are highly capable of providing humanitarian aid to lift people out of hunger + giving poorer regions access to vital medical goods at affordable prices during the pandemic >< many African nations are still struggling to feed their citizens and ensure basic living standards, let alone cope with other matters.

why all nations should be in charge of global problems, and such responsibility should be equally divided.

because it’s not only developed countries that trigger global issues but mankind altogether - eg: compared to rich nations’ notorious overexploitation of natural resources for their industrial activities, many impoverished parts of the world, particularly in South and Central Africa, also contribute to environmental pollution through spontaneous urbanization.

→ reasonable that all nations join hands to curb the contamination and disasters of which they are the culprits.

demonstrate how joint actions from all sides lead to a better resolution of world matters.

Although developed countries tend to take the lead in vaccine development, the reporting and sharing of laboratory samples from seemingly underprivileged regions are no less critical.

explain how less developed world contribute to the development of vaccines.

The genomic data of Omicron, one of the most transmissible COVID-19 variants, was first publicized by South American researchers as soon as they noticed the mutations in 2021

Without such contributin amidst the pandamic peak, even first-world nations would have much more difficulties containing the upsurge of infections in time.

what is an essential component of philanthrophy ? explain it.

From ancient times, pure altruism has been one of the basic moral qualities that are deeply ingrained in the minds and hearts of human beings, often present in the form of charity.

However, there have been mixed opinions on how this should be carried out.

random

matters of global concern: some people argue that developed countries are mainly responsible for resolving matters of global concern.

maintain several reasons: while people may maintain several reasons why the developed world should be at the forefront of addressing world issues >< shared duty of all nations

needy people

This essay aims to express my personal position in favor of the latter viewpoint and point out the risks involved in financial donations.

how does taking part in charitable programs will be more likely to facilitate positive results and shape a more livable world.

participants of humanitarian associations can increase manpower = valuable backing and support considering the fact that many charitable campaigns and projects are undermanned

can u demonstrate the valuable contribution of temporary participants in charitable campaigns ?

yes: during the severe floods that struck Central Vietnam in 2020, numerous Vietnamese charities and humanitarian organizations relied on volunteers to distribute food, drinking water and essential supplies to isolated households. The participation of additional volunteers allowed these organizations to transport aid to more affected communities and operate on a much larger scale than their permanent staff could have managed alone. → alleviate manpower shortages + enable charitable initiatives to produce a more substantial social impact.

what are the intermediary risks involved in money donations that make it harder for support to reach the needy?

Yeah, there’s one thing that certain springs to people’s mind upon hearing that question: managers of humanitarian funds might be lured by the tantalising amounts poured into charity and exploit these for financial gains.

any stats to substantiate the claim that mangers might not be able to resist the temptation of the huge amount of money they are responsible for ?

during the 2020 floods in Central Vietnam, Ngo Xuan Si was entrusted with transporting 7,2000 cans of donated food, worth nearly VND 160 million, to a charity organization in Quang Binh for distribution to flood victims. But instead, he diverted the the relief supplies for himselves and was subsequently prosecuted for misappropriating charitable goods.

→ individuals entrusted with humanitarian resources can exploit their position for financial gain, especially when substantial amounts of charitable assets are under their control.

so in what respects does charitable participation outshine money donations ?

people who take part in philanthropic organizations can have a say in how activities are fulfilled: directly involved in planning projects → influence how resources are distributed and ensure that they are going to the right place.

lead-in for the value of outsiders in progress.

From the Internet to artificial intelligence, from forensics to nuclear weapons, each is based on different scientific approaches. The focus of multiple perspectives on a study field is all too familiar in the scientific realm, and believed to be crucial if that field wants to progress further.

how does outsiders bring value ?

the most compelling reason is to value outsiders is that they can challenge assumptions that insiders come to regard as self-evident.

Experts spend years learning the traditional rules, methods, and habits of their field → so used to these standard ways of doing things → accept baseline assumptions as undeniable facts, failing to question why those rules exist in the first place. >< Outsiders bring an unfiltered perspective → question basic premises and uncover hidden solutions.

demonstrate how outsiders challenge the assumptions that insiders have long taken for granted ?

Unquestioned assumption: humans always make rational financial choices.

Limitations exposed by psychologists: people rely on mental shortcuts and cognitive biases

Traditional economists operated for generations on the unquestioned assumption that humans always make rational financial choices. This orthodoxy was challenged by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, whose work brought insights from psychology into economics. By demonstrating that people often rely on mental shortcuts and are influenced by cognitive biases, they revealed substantial limitations in the rational-agent model, helping to lay the foundation for behavioral economics and demonstrating the value of outsiders in chasing progress.

do insiders some justice huh ? how do they generate considerable progress from within their own disciplines.

Much of modern physics, for example, has developed through researchers building incrementally upon established theories, refining measurements and resolving anomalies within the discipline itself.

no outsiders can bring value without insiders.

once an external idea has been introduced, specialists within the field are generally responsible for testing, refining and integrating it into the existing body of knowledge.

→ outsiders are not a prerequisite for all intellectual progress

when do external perspectives become disproportinately valuable ?

when progress does not merely mean refining existing knowledge but fundamentally expanding what a discipline is capable of explaining or achieving.

typical responses of parents whose children are teenagers. (lead-in 1)

‘I can’t control my child!’. This is the frequent complaint from parents who are frustrated with their child’s behaviors and the difficulty of containing continual conflicts with them .

adolescence ? (lead in)

Throughout one’s life, adolescence is a period of robust biological and psychosocial adjustments

what do oppositions between parents and teenagers wreak irreversible havoc on ?

adolescents themselves and the domestic environment.

why might long-term exposure to conflicts with their parents be physically and psychologically detrimental for youngsters.

conservative or controlling parents may impose rigid expectations about academic achievement, appearance, career choices, friendships or personal beliefs → damaging and disrespecting cuz their worldviews are unrecognized.

→ externalize their distress in the form of aggression, anti-social and non-compliant behavior, or internalize it in the form of depression, and withdrawal.

at what point does conflicts start to exacerbate the family relationship

In fact, provoked parents and adolescents often resort to verbal insults and domestic violence rather than ironing out their differences. → lead to a vicious circle of further dispute and undermine any possibility of harmony.

why can the role played by parent-teen discord in guiding adolescents into adulthood be hardly marginalized ?

rebellion is part of human development in young adults in order for them to develop an identity independent from their parents and a capacity for independent decision-making.

but parents may disagree about the timelines for these independence milestones, primarily disbelieving in teens’ ability to self-regulate.

what often facilitates conflicts ?

Such gaps between teenagers’ expectations and their parents’ readiness to relinquish control are the spaces ripe for conflict.

In what respects are disputes indispensible for child development and family bond (building up concrete relationships) ?

constructive fighting that respects boundaries but allows both sides to express themselves and unleash anger can strengthen the relationship while increasing trust, reciprocity and equality between the two generations.

random shi to make u sound smart

‘Families are like branches on a tree, growing in different directions yet their roots remain as one’. Such differences in lifestyles, personalities and beliefs can give rise to parent-teen conflict, yet it cannot undermine the importance of a family to teenagers.