cell structure- fill in the gaps

structure of the nucleus? has a _____ membrance, called the _________ which contains 3000 nuclear _____ that enable molecules to ____ and leave

• contains _________ and a _______ which is the site of ribosome production

• contains a ________ material called _________ which makes up the ____ of the nucleus

double, envelope, pores, enter, chromatin, nucleolus, jelly-like, nucleoplasm, bulk

structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

• series of ___________ sacs enclosed by a _______with _________ on the surface

• it ____ and process ________ made on the ribosomes

flattened, membrane, ribosomes, folds, proteins

structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

• a system of ________ bound sacs

• it produces and _________lipids

membrane, processes

structure and function of the golgi apparatus?

• series of ___________, flattened and _____ sacs with _______ surrounding the edges

• it processes and ______ lipids and _________

• it also produces _________

fluid-filled, curved, vesicles, packages, proteins, lysosomes

function and structure of the mitochondria?

• _____-shaped, bound by a ______ membrane called the _________

• the inner _________ is folded to form _________called the ______

• there is a _____ on the inside containing all the ______ needed for respiration

oval, double, envelope, membrane, projections, cristae, matrix, enzymes

structure and function of ribosomes?

• composed of __ sub units

• site of ____ _________

two, protein synthesis

structure and function of lysosomes?

• vesicles containing ______ enzymes bound by a ______membrane

• they break down ___ cells, digest old ___________, release _____ to outside of the cell

• a ________- bound organelle that releases __________enzymes called __________

digestive, single, old, organelles,enzymes, membrane, hydrolytic, lysozymes

structure and function of the cell wall?

• consists of ___________of the polysaccharide cellulose, embedded in a _______

• provides _____________ strength to prevent cell _________ under pressure caused by _________ entry of _____

• provides mechanical strength to the plant as a whole

• allows ______ to pass along it

microfibrils, matrix, mechanical, bursting, osmotic, water, water

structure and function of the vacuole?

• _____________sac surrounded by a _______membrane called the ___________

• plant vacuole contains a solution of ________ions, salts, sugars, _____ ____, waste and ________________

• supports _______________ plants and herbaceous parts of ______plants, making cells ________

fluid-filled, single, tonoplast, mineral, amino acids, anthocyanins, herbaceous, woody, turgid

structure and function of cell membrane?

• consists of both _______ and proteins

• fundamental structure is the _________________bilayer which forms a stable _____ between 2 ______ compartments

• protects the ___ by controlling what substances enter and ___ the cell

• also provides __________ support

lipids, phospholipid, barrier, aqueous, cell, exit, structural

function and structure of chloroplasts?

• chloroplast ______ surrounds the organelle

• _____ are stacks of _________ structures called __________. these contain _________

• _____ is the fluid filled ______ needed for the second stage of photosynthesis

• chloroplasts contain ___ and ___________ to easily manufacture some _______needed for photosynthesis

• contains _______ needed for the _______ stage of photosynthesis

envelope, grana, disc-like, thylakoids, chlorophyll, stroma, matrix, DNA , ribosomes, proteins, enzymes, second

role of the golgi apparatus in forming lysosomes?

• lysosomes contain___________ enzymes.

• the golgi apparatus _______ these enzymes into_________

• these vesicles ___ ____from the golgi as _________, which then carry out the breakdown of cellular ______ and_______.

hydrolytic, package, vesicles, bud off, lysosomes, waste, debris

organelles inside prokaryotic cells?

• C_____ ____

• C_________

• P_______

• F__________

• ___ __________ M__________

• R__________

cell wall, capsule, plasmid, flagellum, cell surface membrane, ribosomes

function of the plasma membrane?

• mainly of _____ and ________

• controls the ___________ of substances ____ and out of cells

lipids, proteins, movement, into

function of the cell wall?

• ________ the cell and _____ it from changing ______

• made out of ________________

supports, prevents, shape, peptidoglycan

function of the capsule?

• _________ _____ layer which helps to retain ________ and ____ to surfaces

protective, slimy, moisture, adhere

function of the plasmid?

• possesses _____ that may aid the survival of _______ in adverse conditions

• e.g- produces _______ that break down __________

genes, bacteria, enzymes, antibiotics

function of the cytoplasm in prokaryotes?

• has no ________-_____ organelles

• contains ________, which are much smaller than those in __________ cells

membrane-bound, ribosomes, eukaryotic

function of circular dna?

• possesses the ________ information for the ___________ of bacterial cells

genetic, replication

ribosomes function?

• site of ______ ___________

protein, production

what are viruses?

• non living structures which consist of:

• _______ material

• _____

• ____________ protein

genetic, capsid, attachment

how are cells in multicellular organisms organised?#

• into ______ then organs, then _____ _________

tissues, organ systems

how do prokaryotic cells differ to eukaryotic cells?

• they have no _______, instead they have a single _______ ____ of DNA that is completely ____ in the _________ and not associated with any ______

• the _______ are similar

nucleus, circular loop, free, nucleus, proteins, ribosomes