Fluid and Electrolyte Lecture Flashcards

A comprehensive set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering fluid compartments, electrolyte ranges, signs of imbalances, and nursing management based on the lecture transcript.

The __________ (ICF) compartment contains 2/3 of body fluid and is primarily located in skeletal muscle mass.

Intracellular

Fluid shift into the __________ results in decreased urine output (UOP), increased heart rate (HR), low blood pressure (BP), edema, and weight gain.

3rd-space

In the body, electrolytes act as active chemicals; __________ are positively charged, and anions are negatively charged.

Cations

The pressure exerted by fluid on the walls of a vessel is called __________ pressure, which acts as a "push" force.

Hydrostatic

The major electrolytes found in the Intracellular Fluid (ICF) are __________ and phosphate.

Potassium

Fluid shifts through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration in a process known as __________.

Osmosis

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of __________ concentration to __________ concentration.

high; low

The kidneys filter approximately __________ of plasma per day.

$$180\,L$$

Daily urine volume for an adult should typically be between __________ to __________.

$$1-2\,L$$

Unlike hypovolemia, which involves the loss of both water and electrolytes in equal proportions, __________ refers to the loss of water alone.

dehydration

A volume-depleted patient often presents with a __________ that is elevated out of proportion to the serum creatinine.

BUN

Acute or severe fluid volume deficit (FVD) requires the administration of isotonic IV fluids such as __________ or $0.9\%\,NS$.

LR

In cases of Fluid Volume Excess (FVE), the results for Hematocrit and BUN are often decreased due to __________ __________.

plasma dilution

The normal range for serum Sodium ($Na$) is __________ to __________.

$$135-145\,mEq/L$$

When hyponatremia is caused by __________, the urinary sodium content is typically greater than $20\,mEq/L$.

SIADH

Rapidly reducing serum sodium levels in a patient with hypernatremia can lead to dangerous __________ __________.

cerebral edema

The normal range for serum Potassium ($K^+$) is __________ to __________.

$$3.5-5\,mEq/L$$

ECG changes associated with __________ include T wave changes, a depressed ST segment, and an elevated U wave.

Hypokalemia

Potassium must always be administered on a pump and should __________ be given via IV push or IM injection.

NEVER

The most important consequence of __________ is its effect on the myocardium, with cardiac effects often appearing at levels of $6\,mEq/L$ or higher.

Hyperkalemia

The normal range for serum Calcium ($Ca$) is __________ to __________.

$$9-10.5\,mg/dL$$

The __________ sign is a twitching of the facial nerves when the area anterior to the earlobe is tapped, indicating hypocalcemia.

Chvostek

The __________ sign is elicited by inflating a BP cuff on the upper arm, leading to a carpal spasm indicative of hypocalcemia.

Trousseau

The normal range for serum Magnesium ($Mg$) is __________ to __________.

$$1.8-2.6\,mg/dL$$

The primary antidote for magnesium toxicity is __________ __________.

calcium gluconate