Agents - 11 - EMG Biofeedback

biofeedback 

__________ provides information about ourselves typically through the use of external instruments 

physiological process

biofeedback involves monitoring a __________ so that that process can be understood, controlled, or modified by the subject

treatment, training

biofeedback can be thought of as both a __________ and as ___________

training

biofeedback as ________ can help a pt learn to recognize physiologic processes and alter them

treatment

biofeedback as _________ can help a pt reduce pain, increase balance, etc.

• EMG

• EEG

• EKG

• BP

• temperature

• force

• pressure

what are examples of biofeedback signal sources: (7)

• visual

• audio

• vibration

• electrical

what are different “types” of biofeedback (what the pt is seeing): (4)

“i don’t personally own any leather pants”

a study treat quote from pidcoe:

electromyography EMG

__________ biofeedback in a PT clinic can be used to monitor muscle activity by looking at the electrical signal produced during a voluntary contraction

total signal 

the EMG signal is the __________ detected at the recording site 

motor unit action potentials

the EMG signal consists of the summation of all the __________ from all active motor units within the recording volume

stationary

_________ EMG biofeedback systems are typically computer based with subject tethered

portable

_________ EMG biofeedback systems are self contained, can be telemeterized, data logger, or just feedback

• surface electrodes

• fine wire electrodes

• needle electrodes

the 3 types of recording EMG electrodes are: (3)

surface

most EMG biofeedback systems use ________ electrodes

positive, negative, ground

with bipolar EMG systems, there are 3 electrodes used: one is _______, one is ________, and one is _________

“difference”

the electrodes in a bipolar EMG system record the _________ in the electrical pattern from two detection sites

common 

having electrodes record the “difference” in the electrical patterns allows the _________ signals to be removed 

processed

for the EMG signal to be useful clinically, it must first be _______, which involves a series of hardware and/or software manipulations

rectification

__________ is the conversion of all negative signal components to positive values

integrated

the _________ signal can be used to drive visual or audible feedback, where the larger the signal, the more lights and or sound provided to the subject

integration

rectification is done in preparation for the ________ stage of EMG data analysis 

integration

_________ is the summation of data over time, or the area under the curve. more commonly implemented as a linear envelope

• tension type headaches

• fibromyalgia

• cancer pain

3 types of pain management via EMG:

muscle control

selective training of VM/VL, incontinence training for dysfunctional voiding, and treatment of asthma all involve _________ via EMG

• gait training for hemiplegic cerebral palsied children

• stance symmetry after stroke

2 uses for EMG biofeedback for gait and posture via force are: (2)

brain

EEG uses waves of the ______ for biofeedback

insomnia, epilepsy

using EEG biofeedback had a positive treatment on ________, but no conclusive results for _______

heart 

EKG uses waves of the ______ for biofeedback

cardiac arrhythmias, heart rate

EKG applications can be for the control of ________ or _________

T

T/F: blood pressure biofeedback can be given for real time feedback for hypertensive patients

functional sensory substitution

_______________ is another term for biofeedback related to conditions where sensory loss has occurred

peripheral neuropathy, LE/UE prosthetic 

functional sensory substitution can be used for patients with: (3) 

noise

_____ is defined as unwanted signal contaminating the EMG, which can come from various sources

consistent

it is important to be _______ with your placement of electrodes

spectral analysis

using ___________, changes in EMG that relate to muscle fatigue may soon be available in a feedback format

neuroprosthesis

_____________ use input from EMG, switches, and EEG to assist a patient or move a robotic device 

2

the C-leg has ____ mode/s

• locked knee for prolonged standing

• less resistance for bike riding

the modes available with a c-leg are:

FES

the parastep is a system that allows paraplegics to walk through the use of _____