Chapter 4: Tissues

simple squamous epithelium function

diffusion and filtration

simple squamous epithelium location

kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood, lymphatic vessels, ventral body cavity (serosae)

simple squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium function

secretion and absorption

simple cuboidal epithelium location

kidney tubules, secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple columnar epithelium function

absorption (secretion of mucus/enzymes)

may contain cilia/goblet cell

simple columnar/pseudostratified columnar

nonciliated simple columnar epithelium location

digestive tract, gallbladder, and ducts of some glands

ciliated simple columnar epithelium location

small bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus

simple columnar epithelium

pseudostratified columnar epithelium all cells touch ___

basement membrane

pseudostratified columnar epithelium only tall cells reach ___

apical

pseudostratified columnar epithelium function

secretion of mucus; propulsion of mucus by cilia

non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium location

male reproductive tubes/large glands

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium location

trachea/upper respiratory tract

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

stratified epithelium are named according to

shape of cells at top (apical)

stratified epithelium regenerate from

below (basal)

stratified epithelium function

protection

stratified epithelium location

high friction areas (mouth, vaginal canal)

stratified squamous epithelium many layers are

squamous

stratified squamous epithelium deeper layers are

cuboidal/columnar

thickest epithelial tissue

stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium function

keratin waterproof

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium location

epidermis

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium function

forms moist lining of body openings

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium location

lining of mucous membranes (esophagus, mouth, anus, vagina)

stratified squamous epithelium function

protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

stratified squamous epithelium

stratified cuboidal epithelium function

protection

stratified cuboidal epithelium location

ducts of glands

stratified cuboidal epithelium

stratified columnar epithelium function

protection and secretion

stratified columnar epithelium location

rare; male urethra and large duct of some glands

stratified columnar epithelium

transitional epithelium relaxed

cuboidal

transitional epithelium stretched

squamous

transitional epithelium function

expands bladder when its full

transitional epithelium location

urinary bladder, ureters, proximal urethra

tight junction function

close off intercellular space/prevent molecules from passing

tight junction

adhesive belt junction function

anchoring

desmosomes function

bind cells together

desmosomes

gap junctions

passageway for small molecules between two cells

cell junctions

desmosome proteins

keratin and cadherins

gap junction proteins

connexon

four main types of body tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

apical

top

basal

bottom

lateral

side wall

epithelial first name

number of cell layers

epithelial last name

shape of cells

simple

one layer of cell touches basement membrane

stratified

multiple layers but only basal layer touches basement membrane

squamous

disc

cuboidal

cube

columnar

column

endocrine glands

ductless glands that secrete directly into surrounding tissue fluid

gland that produces hormones

endocrine

exocrine glands

ducts carry products to epithelial surface

mucus-secreting, sweat and oil, salivary, liver and pancreas gland

exocrine

goblet cells product

mucin

goblet cells unicellular or multicellular

unicellular

mucin + water

mucus

simple tubular

simple tubular example

intestinal glands

simple branched tubular

simple branched tubular example

stomach glands

compound tubular

compound tubular example

duodenal glands of small intestine

simple alveolar

simple branched alveolar

simple branched alveolar example

sebaceous oil glands

compound alveolar

compound alveolar example

mammary glands

compound tubuloalveolar

compound tubuloalveolar example

salivary glands

end of second month of development tissues

primary tissue types and major organs in place

adulthood tissues

few tissues regenerate, many retain populations of stem cells

with increasing age epithelia

thins

with increasing age collagen

decreases

with increasing age bones, muscles, and nervous tissue

begin to atrophy

with increasing age poor nutrition/circulation

poor tissue health

lost cells are quickly regenerated by

cell division

main types of connective tissue

connective, cartilage, bone, blood

connective tissue origin

mesenchyme

mesenchyme

areolar connective tissue cells include

fat, white blood, mast

areolar connective tissue function

hold water to help cushion organs and fight against infection

areolar connective tissue

loose connective tissue subclasses

areolar, adipose, reticular

dense connective tissue subclasses

regular, irregular, elastic

connective tissue matrix

gel-like with all fiber types (collagen, reticular, elastic)