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Skeletal Muscle

Type of muscle that is striated and voluntary, responsible for movement of bones.

Cardiac Muscle

Striated muscle found in the heart, involuntary, characterized by intercalated discs.

Smooth Muscle

Non-striated, involuntary muscle found in walls of internal organs.

Epimysium

Connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle.

Perimysium

Connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle, a bundle of muscle fibers.

Endomysium

Connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers.

Tendon

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Origin

The fixed end of a muscle that does not move during contraction.

Insertion

The moveable end of a muscle that moves when the muscle contracts.

Prime Mover

The main muscle responsible for a specific movement.

Synergist

Muscle(s) that assist the prime mover in performing a movement.

Fixator

Muscles that stabilize a joint during movement.

Antagonist

Muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover.

Flexion

A bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.

Extension

A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body.

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm that turns the palm downward.

Supination

Rotation of the forearm that turns the palm upward.

Inversion

Movement of the sole of the foot inward.

Eversion

Movement of the sole of the foot outward.

Plantarflexion

Movement that increases the angle between the foot and the leg, such as standing on tiptoe.

Dorsiflexion

Movement that decreases the angle between the foot and the leg, such as lifting the toes.

Elevation

Movement that raises a body part.

Depression

Movement that lowers a body part.

Rotation

Movement around a central axis.

Thigh Muscle Group

Divided into anterior (extends knee), posterior (flexes knee), and medial (adducts thigh) compartments.